Passmed 3

Question 1

What inf can piggyback on a chickenpox infections

Answer 1

Chickenpox increases the risk of invasive group A streptococcal soft tissue infections including necrotising fasciitis
(staph A)

Question 2

What might cause a more severe form of bronchiolitis

Answer 2

Congen heart disease

Question 3

What is a ‘tet’ spell

Answer 3

cyanosis and loss of consciousness following a period of upset - also ejection systolic murmer
asso with tetralogy of fallot

Question 4

what intervention reduces the likelihood of significant hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in newborns

Answer 4

therapeutic cooling

Question 5

what virus causes croup

Answer 5

parainfluenza virus

Question 6

when do febrile convulsions typically occur

Answer 6

6mo to 5y

Question 7

what is the diagnostic inv for nec and what will it show

Answer 7

abdo xray

dilated loops, bowel wall oedema, intramural gas, football sign, rigler sign

Question 8

when are APGAR scores measured

Answer 8

1, 5 and 10 mins of life

Question 9

what will blood tests in pyloric stenosis show

Answer 9

hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis

Question 10

what is the inv of choice for VUR

Answer 10

micturating cysturethrogram

Question 11

what s the most common complication and most common cause of death in measels

Answer 11

complication = otitis media
death = pneumonia

Question 12

what is ITP often preceded by

Answer 12

self limiting viral inf (eg glandular fever)

Question 13

how may whooping cough present alternatively in young infants

Answer 13

young infants unable to take large breath required for whoop after fits

present with apnoea + the classic coryzal symptoms followed by violent coughing fits

Question 14

what cardiac complication is associated with fragile X syndrome

Answer 14

mitral valve prolapse

Question 15

how will fragile X syndrom present

Answer 15

Learning difficulties
large low set ears, long thin face, high arched palate
macroorchidism
hypotonia
autism is more common
mitral valve prolapse

Question 16

how will infantile colic present

Answer 16

characterised by bouts of excessive crying and pulling-up of the legs, often worse in the evening

Question 17

what is the gold standard for diagnosis of hirchsprungs disease

Answer 17

rectal biopsy

Question 18

what is a major risk factor for NRDS

Answer 18

prematurity

Question 19

what is a major risk factor for TTN

Answer 19

C sec

Question 20

what is a major risk factor for aspiration pneumonia

Answer 20

meconium staining of liquor

Question 21

what are the specific indicators of a life threatening asthma attack

Answer 21

Cyanosis
Poor respiratory effort
Peak expiratory flow rate < 33%
Silent chest
Altered level of consciousness
normal pCO2

Question 22

main cause of large painless GI bleed in infants

Answer 22

Meckels diverticulum

Question 23

most common cause of headaches in kids

Answer 23

migraine

Question 24

what is assessed to give an apgar score

Answer 24

pulse
resp effort
colour
muscle tone
reflex irritability

Question 25

what medication is given to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus and when is it given

Answer 25

prostaglandin E1 given in cyanotic congen heart disease

Question 26

when should a child with scarlet fever return to school

Answer 26

24 hrs after staring antibiotics

Question 27

If a child has a tet spell, what murmer will the likely have

Answer 27

mid-systolic ejection murmer

Question 28

How will DKA present on bloods

Answer 28

PH < 7.3 or bicarbonate < 15 Hyperglycaemia (>11) Blood ketones >3

Question 29

what is the first line treatment for intersussception

Answer 29

Reduction using fluoroscopy with air

Question 30

how is NEC managed

Answer 30

laparotomy

Question 31

what is the treatment for hirschprungs

Answer 31

initially rectal washouts, then an anorectal pull through procedure

Question 32

what is the first line treatment of suspected mycoplasma pneumonia in children

Answer 32

erythromycin

Question 33

what is the typical history of bronchiolitis

Answer 33

increasing breathlessness, wheezing and reduced feeding, preceded by mild coryzal symptoms

Question 34

what are some red flags according to the NICE paediatric traffic light system

Answer 34

``` resp rate >60 grunting reduced skin turgor <3mo and temp >38 non blanching rash bulging fontanelle neck stiffness status elipticus ```

Question 35

what is the most common cause of childhood hypothyroidism in the uk

Answer 35

AI thyroiditis

Question 36

what blood test finding would support a diagnosis of biliary atrasia

Answer 36

raised conjugated billirubin