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Passmed niche topics Flashcards

1
Q

How long after taking lithium should you measure levels?

A

12hr

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2
Q

Common complicatio of POSTERIOR hip dislocation?

A

Sciatic nerve injury (10-20% cases)

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3
Q

OCD first line management

A

Exposure and response prevention

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4
Q

Which SSRI for OCD?

A

Fluoxetine

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5
Q

Last line OCD treatment

A

Clomipramine

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6
Q

Acute angle glaucoma is associated with which vision change?

A

Hypermetropia (near objects are blurred)

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7
Q

New onset mania, which investigation should you do?

A

CT head

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8
Q

Antibodies in drug induced lupus

A

Antihistone antibodies

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9
Q

Hydralazine can cause which drug induced rheumotological condition?

A

Drug induced lupus

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10
Q

Superficial burns features

A

Pink skin

Blisters

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11
Q

Wallace’s rule of X for % covered in burns

A

9s

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12
Q

Full thickness burn features

A

White/brown/black
No blisters
No pain

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13
Q

Times to refer burns to secondary care

A

All deep dermal (2nd degree) upwards
Any genitalia, face, hands
Inhalation
Electrical or chemical

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14
Q

Formula for calculating how much fluid is needed after a burn

A

Parkland formula

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15
Q

Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis

A

Topical aciclovir

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16
Q

Features of herpes simplex keratitis

A 
Red eye
Burning pain
Photophobia
Excessive lacrimation
Fluorescein shows linear, branching epithelial defect
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17
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Hives

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18
Q

Which drug is contraindicated in patients with salicylate hypersensitivity?

A

Sulfasalazine

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19
Q

Oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Anterior uveitis

A

Behcet’s

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20
Q

What actually IS Behcet’s disease?

A

Autoimmune small cell vasculitis

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21
Q

Which rash is associated with Behcet’s disease?

A

Erythema nodosum

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22
Q

Management of shingles

A

Oral aciclovir

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23
Q

Vertigo and hearing loss on one side

With an absent corneal reflex on the same side

A

Acoustic neuroma

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24
Q

Drugs than can cause hearing loss

A

Furosemide

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25
Q

Symptoms of vestibular neuritis

A

Vertigo
Dizziness
Hearing loss

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26
Q

What is vestibular neuritis?

A

Inflammation of the vestibular nerve

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27
Q

Risk factors for OA

A

Previous trauma to the joint
Hypermobility of a joint
Occupation

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28
Q

Nodes in OA

A

Heberdens
Bouchards
These are as a result of osteophyte production

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29
Q

Management of scaphoid fracture

A

X-ray

Repeat x-ray after 7-10 days because can take time to appear radiographically

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30
Q

First line management for bilateral primary open angle glaucoma

A

Latanoprost eye drops

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31
Q

Which drugs can reduce aqueous production in primary open angle glaucoma?

A

Beta blockers such as timolol

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32
Q

Which drug can reduce ICP in open angle glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist)

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33
Q

How long should the break between courses of steroids be in psoriasis?

A

4 week break between flares

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34
Q

Management of chronic plaque psoriasis

A

Regular emollients

Potent corticosteroids + vitamin D analogue applied once daily

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35
Q

Thromboprophylaxis in anti-phospholipid syndrome who has never had a clot before

A

Low-dose aspirin

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36
Q

Osler-weber-rendu is also known as

A

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

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37
Q

Features of HHT

A

Epistaxes
Shortness of breath
Coughing up blood
Normal examination other than maybe some telangiectasia on nose/lips

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38
Q

What is pseudotumor cerebri

A 
False brain tumour
Signs of increased pressure in the brain (papilloedema)
Headache
Blurred vision
WHooshing in ears
Vision loss
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39
Q

Electrolyte cause of papilloedema

A

Hypocalcaemia

Rarely caused by vit A toxicity

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40
Q

Respiratory cause of papilloedema

A

High CO2

Because dilates cerebral vessels

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41
Q

Mottled, webbed rash implies

A

Livedo reticularis

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42
Q

Anti-phospholipid syndrome is associated with which rash?

A

Livedo reticularis

43
Q

Antibodies in anti-phospholipid syndrome

A

Anti-cardiolipin

44
Q

Treatment of choice for Raynauds

A

Daily nifedipine

45
Q

Bilateral ‘grittiness’ in eyes, which condition should you think of?

A

Blepharitis

46
Q

Symptoms of blepharitis

A

Gritty eyes
Sticky eyes
Erythematous eyelid borders

47
Q

Management of blepharitis

A

Hot compresses
Removal of debris with cotton wool buds dipped in cooled, boiled water
Artificial tears

48
Q

Signs of conjunctivitis

A

Bilateral red itchy eyes

Sticky purulent discharge

49
Q

Treatment of conjunctivitis (bacterial)

A

Topical chloramphenicol drops

50
Q

What should you do before applying fusidic acid to impetigo?

A

Softly remove crusted areas by soaking with soapy water

51
Q

How do you treat cold sores?

A

Over the counter anti-viral creams

52
Q

How should you manage a childhood squint? Cross-eyed?

A

Refer to opthalmology

53
Q

Which SLE medication is safe to use in pregnancy? Also used in IBD?

A

Azathioprine

Hydrocychloroquine

54
Q

Drugs not safe in pregnancy

A

Methotrexate
Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate
Rituximab

55
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

Fungal infection of the nail

56
Q

Symptoms of onchomyocosis

A

Looks like you’d expect for a fungal nail infection

57
Q

Ix for onchomyocosis

A

Nail clippings

58
Q

Management of onchomyocosis

A

Can leave it if you fancy but to fix it cosmetically can use oral terbinafine (antifungal)

59
Q

Most likely cause of sudden sensironeural hearing loss with no associated symptoms

A

Idiopathic?!!!!

60
Q

Initial treatment for sinusitis 10 day< Hx

A

Intra-nasal corticosteroid

61
Q

Symptoms of acute sinusitis

A

Facial pain worse on bending forward
Thick, purulent nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction

62
Q

Mx of sinusitis

A

Analgesia
Intranasal corticosteroids if going on 10days<
Severe -> oral antibiotics

63
Q

Scalded rash 30%< body after a new drug =

A

TEN

64
Q

Mx of TEN syndrome

A

Stop precipitating factor
Supportive care
IVIG

65
Q

Features of Horner’s

A

Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis

66
Q

Causes of Horner’s syndrome

A

Carotid artery dissection
Cervical rib
Pancoast tumpur

67
Q

Bilateral grittiness, think…

A

Blepharitis

68
Q

Bilateral grittiness with sticking eyelids in the morning =>

A

Blepharitis

69
Q

What is blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margins

Meibomian gland dysfunction)

70
Q

What eye condition is rosacea a RF for?

A

Blepharitis

71
Q

Mx of blepharitis

A

Hot compresses

Lid hygiene by removing with cotton wool buds

72
Q

What can you do to shrink nasal polyps?

A

Intranasal steroid spray

73
Q

31 year old man with bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus
FH of similar problems
Audiometry shows bilateral conductive hearing loss

A

Otosclerosis

74
Q

2yo with repeated otitis media infections and problems with hearing and delayed speech

A

Glue ear

75
Q

Recurrent, one sided hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo

Feeling of fullness in the ear

A

Menieres

76
Q

Progressive hearing loss with tinnitus and vertigo

Cranial nerve signs

A

Acoustic neuroma

77
Q

Drugs that cause ototoxicity

A

Gentamicin
Furosemide
Aspirin

78
Q

Red itchy scalp with dandruff

A

Sebhorreic dermatitis

79
Q

Red scalp with white scales =>

A

Psoriasis

80
Q

Treatment of scalp psoriasis

A

4w potent topical corticosteroids

81
Q

Bullous pemphigoid =

A

Tense blisters

Bullous = bullae

82
Q

What is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?

A

Pruritic condition associated with last trimester

Like an itchy rash all over but often start in abdominal striae

83
Q

Mx of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

A

Emollients

Mild topical steroids

84
Q

What is pemphigoid gestationis?

A

Pruritic blistering lesions
Often develop in the peri-umbilical region
Look like pemphigus a bit (or like patches of psoriasis)

85
Q

Features of otitis externa

A 
Red ear canal
Conductive hearing loss (reduced hearing)
Discharge
Regional lymphadenopathy
Cellulitis spreading beyond the ear 
FEVER
86
Q

Mx of otitis externa

A

Topical antibiotics +/- steroids

87
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma also known as?

A

Eruptive haemangioma

88
Q

Features of eruptive haemangioma

A

Hx of trauma in that site
Head/neck or hands
Initially small red spot
May bleed or ulcerate

89
Q

Mx of eruptive haemangioma

A

Cutterage and cauterisation

Excision

90
Q

Small growth under the nail, no pigment

A

Amelanotic melanoma

91
Q

Dry mouth
Grittiness in eyes
Diffuse swelling of parotid

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

92
Q

18yo with pancreatitis, orchitis and bilateral parotid enlargement

A

Vital parotitis (from mumps)

93
Q

What is a Warthin’s tumour?

A

Benign tumour of salivary glands

94
Q

Bilateral parotid gland enlargement
Dry mouth
Bilateral facial nerve palsys
Improves with steroid treatment

A

Sarcoidosis

95
Q

Common complications of seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

Blepharitis

Otitis externa

96
Q

Which examination should you always do in paediatrics

A

ENT

97
Q

Bulging tympanic membrane and ear pain indicates

A

Otitis media

98
Q

Bulging tympanic membrane, ear pain and purulent discharge from the ear indicates

A

Otitis media with perforation

99
Q

When would you give antibiotics in otitis media?

A

4 day duration

Purulent discharge

100
Q

How might otitis media present in a young child?

A

Off food
Clingy to mum
Pulling at the ears
Fever

101
Q

Complications of otitis media

A

Mastoiditis
Meningitis
Brain abscess

102
Q

Colour vision loss
Worsening vision
Pain on eye movement
Normal appearance of retina

A

Optic neuritis

103
Q

Commonest cause of optic neuritis

A

MS

104
Q

Mx of optic neuritis

A

High dose steroids

Passmed finals (17 decks)

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