Passmed niche topics Flashcards
1
Q
How long after taking lithium should you measure levels?
A
12hr
2
Q
Common complicatio of POSTERIOR hip dislocation?
A
Sciatic nerve injury (10-20% cases)
3
Q
OCD first line management
A
Exposure and response prevention
4
Q
Which SSRI for OCD?
A
Fluoxetine
5
Q
Last line OCD treatment
A
Clomipramine
6
Q
Acute angle glaucoma is associated with which vision change?
A
Hypermetropia (near objects are blurred)
7
Q
New onset mania, which investigation should you do?
A
CT head
8
Q
Antibodies in drug induced lupus
A
Antihistone antibodies
9
Q
Hydralazine can cause which drug induced rheumotological condition?
A
Drug induced lupus
10
Q
Superficial burns features
A
Pink skin
Blisters
11
Q
Wallace’s rule of X for % covered in burns
A
9s
12
Q
Full thickness burn features
A
White/brown/black
No blisters
No pain
13
Q
Times to refer burns to secondary care
A
All deep dermal (2nd degree) upwards
Any genitalia, face, hands
Inhalation
Electrical or chemical
14
Q
Formula for calculating how much fluid is needed after a burn
A
Parkland formula
15
Q
Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis
A
Topical aciclovir
16
Q
Features of herpes simplex keratitis
A
Red eye Burning pain Photophobia Excessive lacrimation Fluorescein shows linear, branching epithelial defect
17
Q
What is urticaria?
A
Hives
18
Q
Which drug is contraindicated in patients with salicylate hypersensitivity?
A
Sulfasalazine
19
Q
Oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Anterior uveitis
A
Behcet’s
20
Q
What actually IS Behcet’s disease?
A
Autoimmune small cell vasculitis
21
Q
Which rash is associated with Behcet’s disease?
A
Erythema nodosum
22
Q
Management of shingles
A
Oral aciclovir
23
Q
Vertigo and hearing loss on one side
With an absent corneal reflex on the same side
A
Acoustic neuroma
24
Q
Drugs than can cause hearing loss
A
Furosemide
25
Symptoms of vestibular neuritis
Vertigo
Dizziness
Hearing loss
26
What is vestibular neuritis?
Inflammation of the vestibular nerve
27
Risk factors for OA
Previous trauma to the joint
Hypermobility of a joint
Occupation
28
Nodes in OA
Heberdens
Bouchards
These are as a result of osteophyte production
29
Management of scaphoid fracture
X-ray
| Repeat x-ray after 7-10 days because can take time to appear radiographically
30
First line management for bilateral primary open angle glaucoma
Latanoprost eye drops
31
Which drugs can reduce aqueous production in primary open angle glaucoma?
Beta blockers such as timolol
32
Which drug can reduce ICP in open angle glaucoma?
Pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist)
33
How long should the break between courses of steroids be in psoriasis?
4 week break between flares
34
Management of chronic plaque psoriasis
Regular emollients
| Potent corticosteroids + vitamin D analogue applied once daily
35
Thromboprophylaxis in anti-phospholipid syndrome who has never had a clot before
Low-dose aspirin
36
Osler-weber-rendu is also known as
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
37
Features of HHT
Epistaxes
Shortness of breath
Coughing up blood
Normal examination other than maybe some telangiectasia on nose/lips
38
What is pseudotumor cerebri
```
False brain tumour
Signs of increased pressure in the brain (papilloedema)
Headache
Blurred vision
WHooshing in ears
Vision loss
```
39
Electrolyte cause of papilloedema
Hypocalcaemia
| Rarely caused by vit A toxicity
40
Respiratory cause of papilloedema
High CO2
| Because dilates cerebral vessels
41
Mottled, webbed rash implies
Livedo reticularis
42
Anti-phospholipid syndrome is associated with which rash?
Livedo reticularis
43
Antibodies in anti-phospholipid syndrome
Anti-cardiolipin
44
Treatment of choice for Raynauds
Daily nifedipine
45
Bilateral 'grittiness' in eyes, which condition should you think of?
Blepharitis
46
Symptoms of blepharitis
Gritty eyes
Sticky eyes
Erythematous eyelid borders
47
Management of blepharitis
Hot compresses
Removal of debris with cotton wool buds dipped in cooled, boiled water
Artificial tears
48
Signs of conjunctivitis
Bilateral red itchy eyes
| Sticky purulent discharge
49
Treatment of conjunctivitis (bacterial)
Topical chloramphenicol drops
50
What should you do before applying fusidic acid to impetigo?
Softly remove crusted areas by soaking with soapy water
51
How do you treat cold sores?
Over the counter anti-viral creams
52
How should you manage a childhood squint? Cross-eyed?
Refer to opthalmology
53
Which SLE medication is safe to use in pregnancy? Also used in IBD?
Azathioprine
| Hydrocychloroquine
54
Drugs not safe in pregnancy
Methotrexate
Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate
Rituximab
55
What is onychomycosis?
Fungal infection of the nail
56
Symptoms of onchomyocosis
Looks like you'd expect for a fungal nail infection
57
Ix for onchomyocosis
Nail clippings
58
Management of onchomyocosis
Can leave it if you fancy but to fix it cosmetically can use oral terbinafine (antifungal)
59
Most likely cause of sudden sensironeural hearing loss with no associated symptoms
Idiopathic?!!!!
60
Initial treatment for sinusitis 10 day< Hx
Intra-nasal corticosteroid
61
Symptoms of acute sinusitis
Facial pain worse on bending forward
Thick, purulent nasal discharge
Nasal obstruction
62
Mx of sinusitis
Analgesia
Intranasal corticosteroids if going on 10days<
Severe -> oral antibiotics
63
Scalded rash 30%< body after a new drug =
TEN
64
Mx of TEN syndrome
Stop precipitating factor
Supportive care
IVIG
65
Features of Horner's
Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
66
Causes of Horner's syndrome
Carotid artery dissection
Cervical rib
Pancoast tumpur
67
Bilateral grittiness, think...
Blepharitis
68
Bilateral grittiness with sticking eyelids in the morning =>
Blepharitis
69
What is blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid margins
| Meibomian gland dysfunction)
70
What eye condition is rosacea a RF for?
Blepharitis
71
Mx of blepharitis
Hot compresses
| Lid hygiene by removing with cotton wool buds
72
What can you do to shrink nasal polyps?
Intranasal steroid spray
73
31 year old man with bilateral hearing loss and tinnitus
FH of similar problems
Audiometry shows bilateral conductive hearing loss
Otosclerosis
74
2yo with repeated otitis media infections and problems with hearing and delayed speech
Glue ear
75
Recurrent, one sided hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo
| Feeling of fullness in the ear
Menieres
76
Progressive hearing loss with tinnitus and vertigo
| Cranial nerve signs
Acoustic neuroma
77
Drugs that cause ototoxicity
Gentamicin
Furosemide
Aspirin
78
Red itchy scalp with dandruff
Sebhorreic dermatitis
79
Red scalp with white scales =>
Psoriasis
80
Treatment of scalp psoriasis
4w potent topical corticosteroids
81
Bullous pemphigoid =
Tense blisters
| Bullous = bullae
82
What is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?
Pruritic condition associated with last trimester
| Like an itchy rash all over but often start in abdominal striae
83
Mx of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
Emollients
| Mild topical steroids
84
What is pemphigoid gestationis?
Pruritic blistering lesions
Often develop in the peri-umbilical region
Look like pemphigus a bit (or like patches of psoriasis)
85
Features of otitis externa
```
Red ear canal
Conductive hearing loss (reduced hearing)
Discharge
Regional lymphadenopathy
Cellulitis spreading beyond the ear
FEVER
```
86
Mx of otitis externa
Topical antibiotics +/- steroids
87
What is a pyogenic granuloma also known as?
Eruptive haemangioma
88
Features of eruptive haemangioma
Hx of trauma in that site
Head/neck or hands
Initially small red spot
May bleed or ulcerate
89
Mx of eruptive haemangioma
Cutterage and cauterisation
| Excision
90
Small growth under the nail, no pigment
Amelanotic melanoma
91
Dry mouth
Grittiness in eyes
Diffuse swelling of parotid
Sjogren's syndrome
92
18yo with pancreatitis, orchitis and bilateral parotid enlargement
Vital parotitis (from mumps)
93
What is a Warthin's tumour?
Benign tumour of salivary glands
94
Bilateral parotid gland enlargement
Dry mouth
Bilateral facial nerve palsys
Improves with steroid treatment
Sarcoidosis
95
Common complications of seborrhoeic dermatitis
Blepharitis
| Otitis externa
96
Which examination should you always do in paediatrics
ENT
97
Bulging tympanic membrane and ear pain indicates
Otitis media
98
Bulging tympanic membrane, ear pain and purulent discharge from the ear indicates
Otitis media with perforation
99
When would you give antibiotics in otitis media?
4 day duration
| Purulent discharge
100
How might otitis media present in a young child?
Off food
Clingy to mum
Pulling at the ears
Fever
101
Complications of otitis media
Mastoiditis
Meningitis
Brain abscess
102
Colour vision loss
Worsening vision
Pain on eye movement
Normal appearance of retina
Optic neuritis
103
Commonest cause of optic neuritis
MS
104
Mx of optic neuritis
High dose steroids
