Passmed Qs Flashcards
(50 cards)
What stones are diamond shaped
Uric acid stones
Envelope shaped crystals are typical of what stone ?
Calcium oxalate
Cystine stones are usually what shape
Hexagonal
Magnesium Phosphate stones are usually what shape
Coffin lid
What are struvite stones made from
Magnesium , ammonia and phosphate
Why do struvite stones occur
As a result of urease producing bacteria such as proteus mirabilis
What would make you think a patient has horse shoe kidney
Patients complaining of abdominal discomfort with frequent episodes of kidney stones and UTI
What drugs must be stopped in patients with AKI
NSAIDs - naproxen , ibuprofen
Aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin
Ace I - ramipril
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists - losartan
Diuretics
What stones are radiolucent on scans ( can’t be seen )
Uric acid stones
Membranous glomerulonephritis histology would show ?
basement membrane thickening on light microscopy
subepithelial spikes on sliver stain
positive immunohistochemistry for PLA2
Why should aspirin not be used for under 16’s
due to risk of reyes syndrome unless for kawasaki disease
A patient presenting with recurrent macroscopic haematuria with a history of upper respiratory ttract infection would indicade
Iga nephropathy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, type 2, is caused by
persistent activation of the alternative complement pathway
Contraindication of ace
renovascular disease
What is seen on biopsy with iga nephropathy
mesangial hypercellularity with positive immunofluorescence for IgA & C3
Describe rhabdomyolysis
- damaged muscle release myoglobin which is nephrotoxic
- causes renal ischaemia
In patients complaining of abdominal discomfort and nausea with frequent episodes of kidney stones and uti what anatomical abnormality would you expect
Fused kidneys crossing anterior to the aorta
Raised mcv and low haemoglobin would indicate
Macrocyclic anaemia
What is the most common cause of infravesical outflow obstruction in males
Posterior urethral valves
What lobe of the prostate is usually enlarged in bph
Median lobe
What casts are found in ckd
Waxy casts
spironolactone act on ? and what do they commonly cause ?
collecting duct- aldosteronr antagonist
hyperkalaemia and a side effect is breast tissue growth
What ecg sign shows hyperkalaemia
Tall tented T waves
most common cause of infravesical outflow obstruction in males ?
posterior urethral valves
