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Passmedicine Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis definition

A

Post PID complication causing liver capsule inflammation

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2
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis treatment

A

As for PID
Sometimes laparoscopy

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3
Q

What medication should be stopped in C. diff?

A

Anything anti-motility e.g. opioids

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4
Q

Low molecular weight heparin has the greatest inhibitory effect on which protein?

A

Factor Xa

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5
Q

What autoimmune condition can cause recurrent vaginal candidiasis?

A

Diabetes

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6
Q

What is the first line treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome after pain relief?

A

Wrist splinting +- steroid injection if inneffective

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • thin white/grey homogenous discharge
  • clue cells (stippled vaginal epithelial cells)
  • NOT sexually transmitted disease
    -offensive discharge
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis?

A
  • thick green/yellow discharge
  • vulvovaginitis
  • strawberry cervix
  • motile trophozoites on wet mount
  • STD
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9
Q

What is the investigation for people presenting with an AKI with no clear cause or where myeloma is suspected

A

A urinary Bence-Jones protein test

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10
Q

What feature is more typical of Crohn’s tha UC

A

Mass in RIF

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11
Q

What is the managment for billiary colic?

A

Analgesia + USS outpatient

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12
Q

Most common cause of Addison’s

A

Autoimmune

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13
Q

What is a complication of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Ischaemic heart disease

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14
Q

Organism causing traveler’s diarrhoea

A

E. coli

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15
Q

Feature more commonly seen in UC than Crohn’s

A

Pseudopolyps

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16
Q

SAH can cause what ECG abnormality?

A

Torsades de pointes

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17
Q

Feature of optic neuritis

A

Red desaturation
Central scotoma
Pain on movement
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Decreased visual acuity

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18
Q

What meds should be stopped in dementia

A

Amitriptylline

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19
Q

What is the most common endocrine disorder developing as a result of chronic lithium toxicity?

A

Hypothyroidism

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20
Q

SSRI interactions

A

NSAIDs: NICE guidelines advise ‘do not normally offer SSRIs’, but if given co-prescribe a proton pump inhibitor

warfarin / heparin: NICE guidelines recommend avoiding SSRIs and considering mirtazapine
aspirin

triptans - increased risk of serotonin syndrome
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

(MAOIs) - increased risk of serotonin syndrome

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21
Q

AIDS zcreening test positive next steps

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A

Retest + antiretrovirals

22
Q

Recurrent febrile seizures medications

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A

Rectal diazepam or buccal midazolam

23
Q

What is the treatment for symptomatic chronic subdural bleed?

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A

Burr hole evacuation

24
Q

What is an indication for dialysis in CKD?

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A

Uraemia (encephalopathy or pericarditis)

25
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
Topical Abx +- steroids
26
What blood tests should be performed three months after commencing a statin?
Lipid profile LFTs
27
Henoch-Schonlein purpura monitoring
BP and urinalysis
28
What is the ECG sign of cardiac tamponade?
Electrical alternans
29
What is Felty's syndrome?
It is characterised by a triad of neutropaenia, a low white cell count and splenomegaly in people with longstanding RA
30
Myoclonic seizure first line mx
Levetiracetam
31
What is Crohn's disease (CD)?
A type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus ## Footnote Crohn's disease is characterized by skip lesions and can involve deeper layers of the bowel wall.
32
What is ulcerative colitis (UC)?
A type of inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum ## Footnote UC typically presents with continuous inflammation starting at the rectum.
33
What are common features of Crohn's disease?
* Diarrhoea usually non-bloody * Weight loss more prominent * Upper gastrointestinal symptoms * Mouth ulcers * Perianal disease * Abdominal mass palpable in the right iliac fossa
34
What are common features of ulcerative colitis?
* Bloody diarrhoea more common * Abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant * Tenesmus
35
What extra-intestinal complications are associated with Crohn's disease?
* Gallstones due to reduced bile acid reabsorption * Oxalate renal stones * Primary sclerosing cholangitis
36
What are the complications of Crohn's disease?
* Obstruction * Fistula * Colorectal cancer
37
Is the risk of colorectal cancer higher in ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease?
Higher in ulcerative colitis (UC)
38
Where can lesions from Crohn's disease be found?
Anywhere from the mouth to anus
39
What characterizes the inflammation in ulcerative colitis?
Always starts at the rectum and never spreads beyond the ileocaecal valve
40
What type of disease pattern is seen in ulcerative colitis?
Continuous disease
41
What histological features are seen in Crohn's disease?
* Inflammation in all layers from mucosa to serosa * Increased goblet cells * Granulomas * Inflammatory cell infiltrate in lamina propria * Neutrophils migrate to form crypt abscesses * Depletion of goblet cells and mucin from gland epithelium
42
What is a common endoscopic finding in Crohn's disease?
Deep ulcers and skip lesions with a 'cobble-stone' appearance
43
What is a characteristic endoscopic appearance in ulcerative colitis?
Widespread ulceration with preservation of adjacent mucosa, resembling 'pseudopolyps'
44
What radiological sign indicates strictures in Crohn's disease?
'Kantor's string sign'
45
What barium enema finding indicates long-standing disease in ulcerative colitis?
'Drainpipe colon'
46
What are the radiological features of Crohn's disease?
* Small bowel enema shows high sensitivity and specificity for the terminal ileum * Proximal bowel dilation * 'Rose thorn' ulcers * Fistulae
47
Fill in the blank: Inflammation in Crohn's disease is located in all layers from mucosa to _______.
serosa
48
True or False: Granulomas are frequent in Crohn's disease.
False
49
Methotrexate interactions
Trimetophrin Co-trimaxozole Trimethoprim and methotrexate are both folate antagonists and prescribing them concurrently can cause myelosuppression and even pancytopenia
50
Treatment of renal stones and hypercalciuria
thiazide diuretic
51
Felty's syndrome
It is a triad of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

Difficult concepts (9 decks)

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