Past 2/2

Question 1

In the practice, it is not possible to produce germ-free colony from this species:

Rat
Duck
Golden hamster
Rabbit

Answer 1

❌ Duck
Correct:
✓ Rat
✓ Golden hamster 
✓ Rabbit

Question 2

Which would be the best feeding regime in an experiment?

Answer 2

Ad libitum

Question 3

What is well-being?

Answer 3

State of physiological and psychological harmony of the animal with its internal and external environment

Question 4

Which vein can be used for IV injection on ferret?

Answer 4

Jugular vein

Question 5

How would you restrain a rabbit?

Answer 5

By grabbing as much skin as possible on back

Question 6

You cannot use this method for euthanasia on new-born, nest-living animals:

CO2 inhalation
Cutting the neck
Cervical dislocation
Electric stunning

Answer 6

❌ CO2 inhalation Correct:
✓ Cutting the neck
✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Electric stunning

Question 7

Which method would you use you get 10mL of blood from an adult rat?

Answer 7

Preparation of abdominal aorta

Question 8

Which mouse strain is sensitive to Pneumocystis carini?

Answer 8

Swiss

Question 9

Which is not necessary before transport of rodent?

Clinical examination
Fasting
Ear printing
Acclimatisation

Answer 9

❌ Fasting
Correct:
✓ Clinical examination 
✓ Ear printing
✓ Acclimatisation

Question 10

When this phenomenon disappears, the narcosis ends with death:

Answer 10

Cornea reflex

Question 11

It is not true about euthanasia:

Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death

Should be safe for user

Should be simple to administer

Should be cheap

Answer 11

❌ Should be cheap
Correct:
✓ Should achieve rapid unconciseness and death 
✓ Should be safe for user
✓ Should be simple to administer

Question 12

One is not true about the co-isogenic strains:

The new gene is the product of natural maturation

The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene

It can only be maintained in a homozygous form

The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

Answer 12

❌ It can only be maintained in a homozygous form
Correct:
✓ The new gene is the product of natural maturation
✓ The name contains the strain/sub-strain and the symbol of the mutant gene
✓ The co-isogenic strain only differs by only one gene from the original one

Question 13

Dog is not a good model for:

Tumour-cancer research
Leptospirosis
Epilepsy
Cardiovascular atherosclerosis

Answer 13

❌ Cardiovascular atherosclerosis 
Correct:
✓ Tumour-cancer research
✓ Leptospirosis
✓ Epilepsy

Question 14

Mini-pig has a live weight of:

Answer 14

20-45 kg

Question 15

Experimental design cannot be:

Cross-over design
Latin square design
Factorial design
Cross-breeding

Answer 15

❌ Cross-breeding Correct:
✓ Cross-over design
✓ Latin square design
✓ Factorial design

Question 16

The basal circadian rhythm is:

Answer 16

Dependent from the gen expression of a protein

Question 17

Melatonin is produced by:

Answer 17

Pineal gland

Question 18

This species mostly used in viral respiratory research:

Answer 18

Ferrets

Question 19

A chronic stress can cause this type of behaviour:

Answer 19

Apathy / Aggression

Question 20

Well-being cannot be measured by: (more than one correct answer)

Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
Reproductive state

??

Answer 20

Clinical assessment
Physiological parameters
Grimace score
?Reproductive state

Question 21

Which environment is good for animals?

Answer 21

Classical music

Question 22

Which tissue is the least sensitive to suffering?

Answer 22

Brain tissue

Question 23

The naked mole rat has an extra=ordinary long life-span because of: (multiple choice)

Answer 23

Special hyaluronan which prevent cancer

Question 24

The co-efficient on inbreeding (F): (multiple choice)

Answer 24

Means the fraction of the genes that get fixed in a homozygous state

Question 25

It is inherited disease of some mouse strains:

Answer 25

Deafness

Question 26

Which is a member of Pox viridae?

Answer 26

Ectomelia virus

Question 27

Ringtail is caused by:

Answer 27

Too low relative humidity

Question 28

Not part of refinement of animal experimentation: Health status Hair colour Analgesia Environmental enrichment

Answer 28

``` ❌ Hair colour Correct: ✓ Health status ✓ Analgesia ✓ Environmental enrichment ```

Question 29

The hearing range of rodents:

Answer 29

0.5/1 - 100/120kHz

Question 30

Which species has 1 pair teats?

Answer 30

Guinea pig

Question 31

Which species has a ‘peg’ (double incisors) teeth?

Answer 31

Rabbit

Question 32

The two important words for animals concerning the pain feeling (Weiss-trail):

Answer 32

Predictability and controllability

Question 33

Mouse pox is:

Answer 33

Caused by Ectomelia

Question 34

It is not a physical euthanasia method: Cooling in refrigerator T61 Cervical dislocation Decapacitation

Answer 34

❌ Cooling in refrigerator Correct: ✓ T61 ✓ Cervical dislocation ✓ Decapacitation

Question 35

The African clawed for (Xenopus):

Answer 35

Shows mating behaviour after Hcg injection

Question 36

The axolotl is not: Carnivorous Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

Answer 36

❌ Reaches adulthood after a complete metamorphosis Correct: ✓ Carnivorous ✓ Capable of regenerating lost limbs completely ✓ Has a ling lifespan (8-10 years)

Question 37

Laboratory animals – except the guinea pig – usually adjust their feed intake to satisfy their:

Answer 37

Energy requirement

Question 38

Which species can die after oral antibiotic treatment?

Answer 38

Guinea pig and rabbit

Question 39

The role of PPAR is to:

Answer 39

Burn fats

Question 40

One of the following has no anti-cancer effect: Resveratrol CLA Iron Green tea

Answer 40

``` ❌ Iron Correct: ✓ Resveratrol ✓ CLA ✓ Green tea ```

Question 41

One of them is an important mechanism of epigenomics:

Answer 41

Methylation of DNA

Question 42

Zebrafish has a life-span of __year:

Answer 42

6-8 | 3-5 years according to internet

Question 43

One of them has no role in epigenomics: Change of base in DNA Sulfurization DNA-methylation Histon acetylation

Answer 43

❌ Change of base in DNA Correct: ✓ Sulfurization ✓ DNA-methylation ✓ Histon acetylation

Question 44

The role of __ is a fine regulation of the protein synthesis in the cell:

Answer 44

miRNA / siRNA

Question 45

In some cases the epigenetic changes may be inherited:

Answer 45

If the effect(s) acts during the germ-cell proliferation (‘time window’)

Question 46

You can find neoteny at:

Answer 46

Axolotl

Question 47

Pheromones are detected by:

Answer 47

VNO

Question 48

One is true about the ferret:

Answer 48

We can prevent the constant estrus by using GnRH agonist implants

Question 49

The cephalopods:

Answer 49

Are under the protection of the 2010/63/EU Directive since 2013

Question 50

Always consider using F1 hybrid because:

Answer 50

Neither their biological response is more variable than the parental strains nor their biological response is more uniform than the parental strains.

Question 51

One of the statements is true:

Answer 51

Animals in an outbred stock are anisogenic

Question 52

A chromorhnydachyrrhea:

Answer 52

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 53

It can go through the uteral wall: (2 right answers)

Answer 53

Mouse mammary tumour LCM

Question 54

Carbohydrate ingestion: | Stimulate the fatty acid

Answer 54

synthase gene expression

Question 55

May increase the mitochondria number:

Answer 55

Resveratrol

Question 56

The most used model for drug metabolism study for humans:

Answer 56

Macaco

Question 57

Describe the naked mole rat as an animal model.

Answer 57

- Have a gene which conserves collagen. - Do not age. - Do not get tumours. - Life-span of 20-30 years. - Complex social system and hierarchy. - Best model for aging and cancer studies.

Question 58

Explain the pain scoring system for Glires. | Describe the evaluation of the Glires pain categories.

Answer 58

- 0 points = None - 1point=Mild - 2 points = Moderate - 3 points = Severe - Based on appearance, behaviour, pulse, appetite/drinking, cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous systems. - 0-4 = Normal - 5-9 = Needs analgesia - 10-14 = Moderate pain, possible need to terminate trial - 15-20 = Not physiological, stop experiment!

Question 59

Explain the epigenetics’ mechanism of action.

Answer 59

- Modifications e.g. Methylation, histone acetylation, which protect DNA and modify which genes are expressed or silenced. - Do not change the genome itself - May be inherited - Influenced by outside stimuli e.g. nutritional status

Question 60

Give the meaning of the pyramid conception with examples. Shortly describe the pyramid conception, with examples.

Answer 60

- Computer – Synthetize compounds - Bacteria – Test for teratogenicity - Cell culture – Eliminate harmful compounds - Invertebrates - Fish - Mammals - Non-human primates - Humans (can be more steps in between)

Question 61

Pain

Answer 61

- definition - diagram of painful effect - physiology of pain: homeostatic mechanism (maintain homeostasis by feeling pain) - concept of umwelt (how an induvidual sees all its own unique meaningful aspects of its surroundings) - measurement, eg. Sonogram of a hungry chick - rat trials of weiss: predictebility and controlability (coping with stress) - corticothalamic "blunting" (decr pain)