Past Exam Questions Flashcards
(435 cards)
1
Q
Where is corpora arenacea found?
A
Pineal gland
2
Q
Which of the following responds to vibration and rapidly changing pressure?
- Free nerve endings
- Ruffini’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Krause’s end bulbs
- Meissner’s corpuscle
A
Pacinian corpuscles
3
Q
Where is glucagon secreted from?
A
Alpha Cells
4
Q
Which cell secretes surfactant?
A
Type II pneumocyte
5
Q
Which layer is NOT present in masticatory epithelium?
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
A
Stratum lucidum
6
Q
What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery?
A
Afferent arteriole
7
Q
Which type of neuron is multipolar?
A
Motor neurons
Interneurons
8
Q
Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx?
A
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
9
Q
A
Bowman’s Capsule
10
Q
When looking at the spleen, what are the invaginations of the capsule into the splenic parenchyma called?
A
Trabeculae
11
Q
Which meninx covers the brain intimately?
A
Pia Mater
12
Q
Which cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
A
Chromaffin cells
13
Q
Which of the following layers comprise the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
A
Epidermis
Dermis
14
Q
Which of the following is the inner layer of the adrenal cortex?
- Chromaffin cells
- Zona reticularis
- Zona glomerulosa
- Zona fasciculata
- None of the above
A
Zona reticularis
15
Q
Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin?
A
Follicular cells
16
Q
Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?
- Receptors
- Brachial plexus
- Sciatic nerve
- Ganglia
- Spinal cord
A
Spinal cord
17
Q
Where do T lymphocytes gain their immunocompetence?
A
Thymus
18
Q
Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
- Pigment epithelium
- Muller’s cells
- Huxley’s layer
- Horizontal cells
- Cones
A
Huxley’s layer
19
Q
What type of glands are the ceruminous glands?
A
Apocrine sweat gland
20
Q
What cell type secretes prolactin?
A
Lactotropic cells
21
Q
What is the middle layer of the eyeball?
A
Uvea
22
Q
What gland in the male is homologous to the greater vestibular gland in the female?
A
Cowper’s gland
23
Q
What are the follicular cells?
A
Granulosa cells
24
Q
Which of the following is found in the cerebellum?
- Schwann cells
- Basket cells
- Ganglion
- Neuroglia
- Satellite cells
A
Basket cells
25
What is the stroma of the prostate?
Fibromuscular tissue
26
What are the foot processes on podocytes?
Pedicels
27
What makes up the bulk of the sclera?
Collagen Fibres
28
Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?
Brush Cells
29
What is a mature gamete called?
Ova
30
What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?
Stratified squamous
31
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
1. Metabolism of bilirubin
2. Deamination of amino acids
3. Storage of iron
4. Storage of copper
5. Storage of calcium
Storage of Calcium
32
During a pregnancy, which hormone which maintains the corpus luteum?
HCG
33
What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?
Hyaline Cartilage
34
Which gland secretes epinephrine?
Adrenal gland (medulla)
35
What are microvilli called that are seen in the small intestine?
Striated Border
36
What are the finger like projections of mucosa that are seen in the small intestine?
Villi
37
What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
38
Which type of papillae on the tongue is arranged in a "V" shape on the tongue?
Circumvallate Papillae
39
What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?
Stratified squamous epithelium
40
Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped?
Fungiform papillae
41
What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
42
What are the "straight vessels"?
Vasa recta
43
Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?
1. Clara cell
2. Type I pneumocyte
3. Type II pneumocyte
4. Dust cell
5. Brush cell
Type I pneumocyte
44
Which of the following is composed of connective tissue?
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
45
Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?
1. Thyrotropic cell
2. Lactotropic cells
3. Somatotropic cells
4. None of the above
5. All of the above
Thyrotropic cell
46
Which layer consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue?
Serosa
47
The reticular layer is part of which layer?
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis
Dermis
48
What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognise?
1. Sound
2. Position
3. Movement
4. Vibration
Movement
49
What is the space anterior to the lens?
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
50
How many corpora cavernosa are there?
2
51
Where is oxytocin secreted from?
Neurohypophysis
52
What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder?
1. Mucosa
2. Muscularis mucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Adventita
5. Serosa
Muscularis mucosa
53
What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
54
Where is the organ of Corti?
Cochlea
55
What is the female organ called where gametogenesis occurs?
Ovary
56
Which of the following is supporting cell of the central nervous system?
1. Ganglion
2. Perikaryon
3. Astrocyte
4. Nissl
5. Terminal bouton
Astrocyte
57
What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?
Simple Squamous Epithelium
58
Which of the following is the most abundant sensory receptor of the skin?
1. Free nerve endings
2. Ruffini's corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Krause's end bulbs
5. Meissner's corpuscle
Free nerve endings
59
What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin?
1. Microvilli
2. Stereocilia
3. Cilia
4. Keratinization
Keratinization
60
Which layer of the gastrointestingal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue?
Mucosa
61
Where is renin secreted from?
Juxtaglomerular cells
62
What are developing gametes called?
Oocyte
63
What is the capsule that surrounds the testes?
Tunica albuginea
64
Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
Chief Cells
65
Where are the sensory receptors for movement?
Semicircular canals
66
What are the gaps that occur within the myelin sheath?
Nodes of Ranvier
67
What structure is at the angle of the liver lobule?
Portal Triad
68
What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue found in the intestinal tract?
GALT
69
What is a group of fibers traveling together?
Tracts
70
Which layer of the cornea is acellular?
Descemet's membrane
71
Which cell type are also called C cells?
Parafollicular cells
72
Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus?
1. Clara cell
2. Type I pneumocyte
3. Type II pneumocyte
4. Dust cell
5. Brush cell
Brush Cell
73
Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
Oesophagus
74
Which contains endolymph?
1. Scala vestibuli
2. Scala tympani
3. Cochlear duct
Cochlear duct
75
What cell type secretes ACTH?
Corticotropic cells
76
What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?
Pseudostratified
77
Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
1. Kupffer cells
2. Histiocyte
3. Dust cell
4. Langerhans cell
5. Microglia
Dust Cell
78
Where are Brunner's glands located?
Small Intestine
79
What are the folds of the stomach called?
Rugae
80
What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles?
Pseudostratified
81
Which gland secretes insulin?
Pancreas
82
Which type of neuron is most abundant?
Interneurons
83
Where is the blind spot?
Optic disc
84
Which is NOT part of the retina?
1. Rods
2. Cones
3. Bipolar cells
4. Ganglion cells
5. Uvea
Uvea
85
Which of the following is NOT considered neuroglia?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Schwann cells
86
What type of hormone is oxytocin?
Peptide
87
What vessel supplies blood to the glomerulus?
Afferent arteriole
88
Which cells are directly involved in spermatogenesis?
Sertoli cells
Sustentacular cells
89
Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?
1. Lactotropic cells
2. Corticotropic cells
3. Somatotropic cells
4. None of the above
5. All of the above
Corticotropic cells
90
What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries?
Efferent arteriole
91
What percentage of neurons are interneurons?
99.9%
92
What is the cell body of a neuron called?
Perikaryon
93
What tissue surrounds the ovary?
Germinal epithelium
94
Which layer of the epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline granules?
Stratum granulosum
95
Which cell type is found in the parathyroid, but is not the most abundant cell type?
Oxyphil cell
96
Which structure is part of the uvea?
1. Sclera
2. Iris
3. Ora serrata
4. Pigmented epithelium
5. Cornea
Iris
97
Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?
1. Bronchi
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Alveoli
4. Alveolar sacs
5. Respiratory bronchioles
Bronchi
98
What is the "cap"at the anterior portion of a spermatazoon?
Acrosome
99
What surrounds a nerve?
Epineurium
100
What vessels arise from the efferent arteriole?
Peritubular capillaries
101
Which of the following is the most abundant neuroglia cell?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Astrocytes
102
What type of hormone is prolactin?
1. Protein
2. Peptide
3. Steroid
4. Catecholamine
5. None of the above
Protein
103
What is the space posterior to the lens?
Vitreal cavity
104
What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?
Alpha Cells
105
What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?
Pseudostratified
106
Where is mesothelium found?
Serosa
107
What are the pressure receptors in skin called?
Pacinian corpuscles
108
Which of the following is the receptor for color?
1. Rods
2. Cones
3. Bipolar cells
4. Ganglion cells
5. Horizontal cells
Cones
109
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?
1. Vitamin D production
2. Protection from water loss
3. Sensory reception
4. Heat regulation
5. All are functions of skin
All are functions of skin
110
What is the lymphatic tissue in the spleen called?
White pulp
111
In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur?
1. Alveolar duct
2. Alveoli
3. Alveolar sac
4. Respiratory bronchiole
5. Terminal bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
112
Which of the following responds to pain?
1. Free nerve endings
2. Ruffini's corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Krause's end bulbs
5. Meissner's corpuscle
Free nerve endings
113
Which of the following is the outer layer of the adrenal cortex?
1. Chromaffin cells
2. Zona reticularis
3. Zona glomerulosa
4. Zona fasciculata
5. None of the above
Zona glomerulosa
114
Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation?
Melanocyte
115
What type of hormone is testosterone?
Steroid
116
In the female, what is the correct term for the production of gametes called?
Oogenesis
117
Which stage of the follicle is characterized by a surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells?
Primordial Follicle
118
What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue in the respiratory tract?
BALT
119
What are sensory neurons?
1. Unipolar
2. Pseudounipolar
3. Bipolar
4. Multipolar
5. Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 2
120
How many layers of smooth muscle are in the vas deferens?
3
121
Which meninx is made of a delicate web like connective tissue?
Arachnoid
122
What is the connective tissue layer around the primary follicle?
Theca Folliculi
123
What are neurons in the retina?
Bipolar
124
Which region are goblet cells most numerous?
Large Intestine
125
What is another term for the anterior lobe of the pituitary?
Pars distalis
126
Where is somatostatin secreted from?
Delta cells
127
Which cell is found in the dermis?
1. Langerhans cell
2. Keratinocyte
3. Melanocyte
4. Merkel cell
5. Fibroblast
Fibroblast
128
What is the central portion of a tooth called?
Pulp Cavity
129
Which structure is avascular?
1. Retina
2. Cornea
3. Choroid
4. Sclera
5. Uvea
Cornea
130
Where are the sensory receptors for hearing?
Organ of Corti
131
What is the outer gray matter of the brain called?
Cortex
132
What is the space anterior to the iris?
Anterior chamber
133
Where is the endocrine portion of the pancreas housed?
Islets of Langerhans
134
What type of tissue makes up the "Adam's apple"?
Elastic Cartilage
135
Which of the following is composed of stratified squamous epithelium?
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Hypodermis
Epidermis
136
What type of cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?
1. Basal cells
2. Brush cells
3. Olfactory cells
4. Sustentacular cells
5. All of the above
All of the Above
137
Which structures are part of the portal triad?
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
138
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
139
What is the most common cell in the parathyroid gland?
Principal cell
140
Which one of the following are the earliest cells of spermatogenesis?
1. Primary spermatocytes
2. Secondary spermatocytes
3. Spermatids
4. Spermatozoa
5. Spermatogonia
Spermatogonia
141
Which of the following clotting factors is NOT produced in the liver?
1. Factor I
2. Factor II
3. Factor IV
4. Factor IX
5. Factor X
Factor IV
142
Which type of papillae on the tongue is the most abundant?
Filiform papillae
143
When looking at a lymph node, which term does not refer to the same region as all the others listed?
1. Deep cortex
2. Tertiary cortex
3. Outer cortex
4. Juxtamedullary cortex
5. Paracortical zone
Outer Cortex
144
Where is thick skin found?
1. Lips
2. Over the knee
3. Palms
4. Breast
Palms
145
Which of the following responds to continuous pressure?
1. Free nerve endings
2. Ruffini's corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Krause's end bulbs
5. Meissner's corpuscle
Ruffini's corpuscles
146
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
IX
147
What is the most commonly seen type of epithelium in the prostate?
Simple columnar
148
What provides tensile strength to a neuron?
Neurofilaments
149
What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin?
Delta Cells
150
What are the valves which regulates the flow of bile into the intestine?
Sphincter of Oddi
151
Which of the following is the CNS macrophage?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Microglia
152
Where is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?
Small Intestine
153
Which of the following is found in the hair follicle?
1. Henle's layer
2. Bipolar cells
3. Amacrine cells
4. Rods
5. Ganglion cells
Henle's layer
154
Which of the following is involved in the blood brain barrier?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Astrocytes
155
What is the half moon shaped white area on a nail called?
Lunula
156
What type of tissue makes up the dermis of the skin?
Dense irregular connective tissue
157
Which follicular stage is also called an antral follicle?
Secondary Follicle
158
What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
159
Which layer contains the lining epithelium?
Mucosa
160
Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells?
1. Inhibin
2. Androgen binding protein
3. Testosterone
Inhibin
Androgen binding protein
161
What makes up the bulk of the cornea?
Collagen Fibres
162
What is the connective tissue covering around the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
163
What occurs cyclically in a female?
Ovulation
164
Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?
Basal Cells
165
What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
166
What is the vascular pigmented structure?
1. Choroid
2. Ciliary body
3. Iris
4. Ora serrata
5. Lens
Choroid
167
What is the correct term for cuticle?
Eponychium
168
What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
Beta Cells
169
Which of the following are produced by the Leydig cells?
1. Inhibin
2. Androgen binding protein
3. Testosterone
Testosterone
170
What is underneath the nail plate?
1. Lunula
2. Eponychium
3. Matrix
4. Nail bed
5. Root
Nail bed
171
Which layer contains the lamina propria?
Mucosa
172
What are the cells of the pineal gland called?
Pinealocytes
173
What are the functions of the spleen?
1. Destruction of red blood cells
2. Lymphocyte production
3. Storage of blood
4. Fetal blood cell formation
174
What are the splenic cords?
Cords of Billroth
175
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
1. Conversion of glucose into glycogen
2. Storage of glycogen
3. Storage of bile
4. Storage of fat soluble vitamins
5. Cholesterol synthesis
Storage of Bile
176
Where is masticatory mucosa found?
Hard Palate
177
Which of the following is found in the hair follicle?
1. Pigment epithelium
2. Muller's cells
3. Huxley's layer
4. Horizontal cells
5. Cones
Huxley's layer
178
Which of the following is a component of the adrenal medulla?
1. Chromaffin cells
2. Zona reticularis
3. Zona glomerulosa
4. Zona fasciculata
5. All of the above
Chromaffin cells
179
What are interneurons?
1. Unipolar
2. Pseudounipolar
3. Bipolar
4. Multipolar
5. Both a and b
Multipolar
180
Which layer of the epidermis is present only in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
181
Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous?
Tail
182
What is the outer layer of the GI tract called when it is abutting another organ?
Adventitia
183
What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?
Iris
184
What is the lymphatic capillary within a villus of the small intestine called?
Lacteal
185
During the first week to 10 days, what is the main hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicles?
FSH
186
What is another name for a splenic nodule?
Malpighian Corpsucle
187
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified Epithelium
188
Which type of neuron is also called an internuncial neuron?
Interneurons
189
Where is pancreatic polypeptide secreted from?
Gamma cells
190
What cell type secretes growth hormone?
Somatotropic cells
191
What is the connective tissue which surrounds the ovary?
Tunica albuginea
192
Which cell is a also called a septal cell?
Type II pneumocyte
193
What is the inner region of the kidney called?
Medulla
194
What is the mature sperm cell?
Spermatozoa
195
How many seminiferous tubules are found in each testis of an average man?
400-600
196
How many corpus spongiosum are there?
1
197
What are neurons in the retina?
Bipolar
198
What is gray matter?
Cell bodies
199
What cell type secretes LH?
Gonadotropic cells
200
Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
1. Henle's layer
2. Bipolar cells
3. Amacrine cells
4. Rods
5. Ganglion cells
Henle's layer
201
Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil?
1. Gonadotropic cells
2. Corticotropic cells
3. Thyrotropic cells
4. Lactotropic cells
5. All of the above
Lactotropic cells
202
Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?
1. Bronchi
2. Larynx
3. Trachea
4. Larynx
5. Respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
203
Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa?
Sustentacular Cells
204
What type of hormone is estradiol?
Steroid
205
Which cells are also called "nurse cells"?
Sertoli cells
Sustentacular cells
206
What cell type secretes TSH?
Thyrotropic cells
207
What does the acronym PALS stand for?
Periarterial lymphatic sheath
208
How many layers does the retina have?
10
209
Where is white matter?
Outer surface of the spinal cord
Inner portion of the brain
210
All of the following are properties of neurons, except:
1. High metabolic rate
2. Longevity
3. Specialized for conduction
4. High mitotic rate
5. Limited ability for oxygen deprivation
High mitotic rate
211
What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa?
1. Ciliated cells
2. Goblet cells
3. Basal cells
4. Brush cells
212
Where are podocytes seen?
Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
213
What is Bruch's membrane?
1. Ciliary body
2. Optic disc
3. Fovea centralis
4. Lamina vitrea
5. Lamina cribrosa
Lamina vitrea
214
Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?
Canal of Schlemm
215
What type of tissue lines the bladder?
Transitional epithelium
216
Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?
1. Kupffer cells
2. Histiocyte
3. Dust cell
4. Langerhans cell
5. Microglia
Kupffer Cells
217
Which cell is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?
1. Langerhans cell
2. Keratinocyte
3. Melanocyte
4. Merkel cell
5. Fibroblast
Keratinocyte
218
Which cell is a type of neuron?
1. Basal cells
2. Brush cells
3. Olfactory cells
4. Sustentacular cells
5.
Olfactory Cells
219
What are the receptors for vision?
Rods and Cones
220
The papillary layer is part of which layer?
Dermis
221
Which layer of the epidermis contains dividing cells?
Stratum basale
222
What is responsible for adjusting the lens?
Ciliary muscle
223
What cells of the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide?
Gamma Cells
224
What is the innermost layer of the GI tract called?
Mucosa
225
What type of hormone is insulin?
Protein
226
Which of the following is not part of the neurohypophysis?
1. Median eminence
2. Pars distalis
3. Pars nervosa
4. Infundibular stalk
5. All of the above are part of the neurohypophysis
Pars distalis
227
Which type of papillae on the tongue is not well developed in man?
Foliate Papillae
228
What structure is in the middle of the hepatic lobule?
Central Vein
229
Which gland secretes T3?
Thyroid
230
Which of the following is composed of dense irregular connective tissue?
1. Epidermis
2. Reticular layer of dermis
3. Hypodermis
Reticular layer of dermis
231
What are the spherical structures seen in the medulla of the thymus called?
Hassall's corpuscles
232
Where is the ependyma found?
Lining ventricles
Lining spinal canal
233
What is another term for a bulbourethral gland?
Cowper's gland
234
What is another term for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
Pars nervosa
235
What is the space between the renal pyramids called?
Renal Columns
236
Which of the following is a type of neuron?
1. Rods
2. Ganglion cells
3. Cones
4. Pigmented epithelium
5. Supporting cells
Ganglion cells
237
Which layer of the epidermis contains cells with no nuclei or organelles?
Stratum corneum
238
What is the outer part of the ovary?
Cortex
239
Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
V
240
What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans
241
Which contains perilymph?
1. Scala vestibuli
2. Scala tympani
3. Cochlear duct
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
242
What is the term for the entire lymphatic region of the spleen?
White Pulp
243
Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage?
1. Sweat gland
2. Hair
3. Hypodermis
4. Nails
5. Sebaceous glands
Hypodermis
244
What is the opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum?
Ampulla of Vater
245
What is the covering of a nerve fiber?
Endoneurium
246
What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called?
Space of Disse
247
Which cell is a macrophage found in the central nervous system?
Microglia
248
What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus?
Smooth Muscle
Striated Muscle
249
What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration?
Macula densa
250
What cell type secretes FSH?
Gonadotropic cells
251
Which layer of the epidermis contains star shaped cells?
Stratum spinosum
252
What cell of the parathyroid gland is also called a "chief cell"?
Principal cell
253
Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
Parietal Cells
Oxyntic Cells
254
What is a characteristic of a secondary nodule?
1. Germinal center
2. Lymphocytes
3. Capsule
4. Trabeculae
Germinal Centre
255
How many neurons are in the body of man?
10,000,000,000 (10 to the 10th)
256
What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?
Bowman's Capsule
257
Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?
Hair Cells
258
Descening limb of Henle's loop
259
Which of the following forms myelin in the **central** nervous system?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
260
Which of the following is the largest neuroglia cell?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Astrocytes
261
What is another term for the valve of Kerckring?
Plicae Circulares
262
Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory gland?
1. Prostate
2. Bulbourethral gland
3. Seminal vesicles
4. Ductus deferens
Ductus deferens
263
Which layer contains Meissner's plexus?
Sub Mucosa
264
Where is diffuse lymphatic tissue NOT found?
1. Gastrointestinal tract
2. Central nervous system
3. Genito-urinary tract
4. Respiratory tract
Central Nervous System
265
What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to?
Lobe
266
What is ovulated?
1. Graffian follicle
2. Theca folliculi
3. Granulosa cells
4. Zona pellucida
5. Antrum
Graffian follicle
267
Which of the following is a supporting cell found in the ganglia?
1. Schwann cells
2. Basket cells
3. Ganglion
4. Neuroglia
5. Satellite cells
Satellite cells
268
What are the basophilic clusters of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum seen in neurons called?
Nissl
269
What type of glands are the glands of Moll?
Apocrine sweat gland
270
Which cell type secretes calcitonin?
Parafollicular cells
271
Where are Peyer's patches located?
Small Intestine
272
Which of the following is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex?
1. Chromaffin cells
2. Zona reticularis
3. Zona glomerulosa
4. Zona fasciculata
5. None of the above
Zona fasciculata
273
The appearance of the antrum is a characteristic of which stage of follicular 70 development?
Secondary Follicle
274
Which layer of the epidermis is on the surface of the skin?
Stratum corneum
275
What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called?
Medullary ray
276
What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli
277
Which of the following is part of the adrenal gland?
1. Chromaffin cells
2. Zona reticularis
3. Zona glomerulosa
4. Zona fasciculata
5. All of the above
All of the above
278
Which structure is part of the uvea?
1. Ora serrata
2. Pigmented epithelium
3. Choroid
4. Cornea
5. Sclera
Choroid
279
What is another term for the mature follicle?
Graffian follicle
280
A new miracle skin cream recently hit the beauty counters which is suppose to stimulate collagen production. Which cell is it supposedly stimulating?
1. Langerhans cell
2. Keratinocyte
3. Melanocyte
4. Merkel cell
5. Fibroblast
Fibroblast
281
What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?
Zonlular fibers
282
What is within the pulp cavity?
Dental Pulp
283
What is the dura mater composed of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
284
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?
Subarachnoid space
285
What are the large aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the ileum?
Peyer's Patches
286
What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?
Lamina cribrosa
287
What is another term for the corpus cavernosum urethrae?
Corpus spongiosum
288
What is an olfactory cell?
Bipolar neuron
289
What is shown?
Nephron
290
What structure is similar to a "bunch of grapes?
Alveolar sac
291
What gland secretes aldosterone?
Adrenal gland (cortex)
292
Which cell is a mechanoreceptor?
1. Langerhans cell
2. Keratinocyte
3. Melanocyte
4. Merkel cell
5. Fibroblast
Merkel cell
293
What is the primary cell of the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine?
Columnar Absorptive Cell
294
What are the ducts of Bellini?
Collecting tubules
295
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
1. Cholecystokinin production
2. Bile production
3. Detoxification
4. Albumin production
5. Synthesis of clotting factors
Cholecystokinin production
296
Which gland secretes calcitonin?
Thyroid
297
What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?
Ora serrata
298
What organ is nicknamed the "master gland"
Pituitary Gland
299
Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in mucous membranes?
1. Free nerve endings
2. Ruffini's corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Krause's end bulbs
5. Meissner's corpuscle
Krause's end bulbs
300
What is the Malpighian corpuscle?
Renal corpuscle
301
What is the portion of the nail which is underneath skin?
Root
302
Where are catecholamines secreted from?
Chromaffin cells
303
Which sensory receptor in the skin is NOT encapsulated?
1. Ruffini endings
2. Free nerve endings
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Meissner's corpuscles
5. Merkel cells
Free nerve endings
304
Which of the following are considered to be part of the meninges?
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
4. Both a and b
5. All of the above
All of the above
305
What is tissue which surrounds a nerve fascicle?
Perineurium
306
Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue?
1. Epidermis
2. Reticular layer of dermis
3. Hypodermis
Hypodermis
307
Which type of papillae on the tongue is the smallest?
Filiform Papillae
308
Ovulation is triggered by a dramatic increase in which hormone?
LH
309
Which structure leads to the collecting duct?
Distal convoluted tubule
310
What are the spherical structures seen in some prostatic alveoli called?
Prostatic concretions
311
What covers the visible portion of a tooth?
Enamel
312
Which part the adrenal gland secretes sex steroids?
Zona reticularis
313
Which structure does the proximal convoluted tubule lead to?
Loop of Henle
314
Which part the adrenal gland secretes mineralocorticoids?
Zona glomerulosa
315
Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
VII
316
Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa?
Mucosa
317
What is the space posterior to the iris?
Posterior chamber
318
What is the capillary tuft of the nephron?
Glomerulus
319
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Lobule
320
Which gland secretes glucagon?
Pancreas
321
What is corpora arenacea?
Brain sand
322
Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas?
1. Islets of Langerhans
2. Alpha cells
3. Beta cells
4. Delta cells
5. Acini
Acini
323
What cell type secretes MSH?
Corticotropic cells
324
Glomerulus
325
Which is the largest accessory structure of the male reproductive system?
Prostate
326
What is the primary component of myelin?
Lipid
327
Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?
1. Corticotropic cells
2. Thyrotropic cells
3. Gonadotropic cells
4. None of the above
5. All of the above
All of the above
328
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?
1. Bowman's membrane
2. Substantia propria
3. Descemet's membrane
4. Lamina vitrea
5. Endothelium
Lamina vitrea
329
Where are the splenic sinuses?
Red Pulp
330
Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?
Fovea centralis
331
What is another term for Lymphatic Nodules?
Lymph Follicles
332
What type of gland composes the prostate?
Compound tubuloalveolar gland
333
What are the supporting cells in the central nervous system called?
Neuroglia
334
Which of the following is NOT made of a framework of reticular fibers?
1. Bone marrow
2. Lymph node
3. Spleen
4. Thymus
Thymus
335
Where are apocrine sweat glands NOT found?
1. Areola
2. External genitalia
3. Posterior neck
4. Axilla
5. Circumanal region
Posterior neck
336
What is the cell body of a neuron called?
Soma
337
What is the classification of the pancreas?
Endocrine and Exocrine
338
Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
339
What surrounds the pulp cavity?
Dentin
340
What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?
Elastic Cartilage
341
What is the surface modification seen on the cells of the epididymis?
Stereocilia
342
What type of hormone is epinephrine?
Catecholamine
343
Which type of papillae on the tongue does NOT contain taste buds?
Filiform Papillae
344
Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?
Substantia propria
345
Where is insulin secreted from?
Beta Cells
346
Where are the sensory receptors for position?
Saccule
Utricle
347
What is a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS called?
Ganglion
348
Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids?
Zona fasciculata
349
What type of hormone is antidiuretic hormone?
Peptide
350
Which of the following forms myelin in the **peripheral** nervous system?
1. Schwann cells
2. Basket cells
3. Ganglion
4. Neuroglia
5. Satellite cells
Schwann cells
351
What is another term for the intestinal glands?
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
352
Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?
Clara Cell
353
Where is gray matter?
Outer surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum
Inner portion of the spinal cord
354
Which of the following is an encapsulated lymphatic organ?
1. Lymph follicles
2. White pulp
3. Peyer's patches
4. Lymph node
5. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
Lymph Node
355
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the male genital duct system?
1. Rete testis
2. Tubuli recti
3. Seminal vesicles
4. Ductus deferens
5. Ductus epididymidis
Seminal Vesicles
356
How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?
3
357
What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder?
Simple columnar epithelium
358
What is white matter?
Myelinated nerve fibers
359
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
360
What are the connection between the cystic duct and liver?
Ducts of Luschka
361
Approximately how many nephrons are there in each kidney?
1,000,000
362
Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil?
1. Somatotropic cells
2. Lactotropic cells
3. Gonadotropic cells
4. None of the above
5. All of the above
Gonadotropic cells
363
Which cell is a phagocyte?
1. Langerhans cell
2. Keratinocyte
3. Melanocyte
4. Merkel cell
5. Fibroblast
Langerhans cell
364
Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid?
Parietal Cells
Oxyntic Cells
365
What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland?
Cholinergic; sympathetic
366
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from?
Neurohypophysis
367
Which structure is transparent?
1. Choroid
2. Ciliary body
3. Iris
4. Ora serrata
5. Cornea
Cornea
368
Which meninx is made of a dense irregular connective tissue?
Dura mater
369
What is the inner layer of the choroid?
Lamina vitrea
370
What is the innervation of an apocrine sweat gland?
Adrenergic; sympathetic
371
What is within the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
372
When do the testes descend into the scrotum?
Fetal development
373
Where is the ciliary muscle located?
Ciliary body
374
Which gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal Gland
375
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system?
1. Products secreted into blood
2. Glands with ducts
3. Secretes hormones
4. Non localized response
5. All of the following are characteristics of the endocrine system
Glands With Ducts
376
Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?
Dust Cell
377
What do you call the **random distribution** of lymphocytes that are found in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract?
Diffuse lymphatic tissue
378
Which gland secretes sex steroids?
Adrenal gland (cortex)
379
What color is keratin with Masson's trichrome stain?
Red
380
Which stage of the follicle is arrested in prophase?
Primordial Follicle
381
What is the growing part of the nail?
Matrix
382
What is the pancreatic duct?
Duct of Wirsung
383
What is the cavity within a secondary follicle?
Antrum
384
Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage?
Epiglottis
385
Which layer of the epidermis is also called the stratum germinativum?
Stratum basale
386
What are motor neurons?
1. Unipolar
2. Pseudounipolar
3. Bipolar
4. Multipolar
5. Both a and b
Multipolar
387
Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
IX
388
Which cells produce testosterone?
Interstitial Cells
Leydig Cells
389
What are most neurons in the body?
Multipolar
390
When looking at a lymph node, where are lymphatic nodules?
Outer Cortex
391
Which of the following is an element of the peripheral nervous system?
1. Receptors
2. Brachial plexus
3. Ganglia
4. Sciatic nerve
5. All of the above
All of the above
392
Which of the following is composed of epithelioreticular cells?
1. Spleen
2. Thymus
3. Bone marrow
4. Lymph node
Thymus
393
What are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder called?
Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses
394
What are mucous surface cells?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
395
Which of the following is an element of the central nervous system?
1. Receptors
2. Brachial plexus
3. Brain
4. Ganglia
5. Sciatic nerve
Brain
396
What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
397
What are the modifications of the muscularis externa that is seen on the large intestine?
Teniae Coli
398
Which gland secretes norepinephrine?
Adrenal gland (medulla)
399
What are the conglomerations of gray matter deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum called?
Nuclei
400
Which structure contains the oocyte?
Follicle
401
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
1. Erythropoietin production
2. Vitamin D modification
3. Acid base balance
4. Aldosterone production
5. Renin production
Aldosterone production
402
Which structure is part of the uvea?
1. Ora serrata
2. Pigmented epithelium
3. Cornea
4. Sclera
5. Ciliary body
Ciliary body
403
What is within the membranous labyrinth?
Endolymph
404
Where are tropic hormones secreted from?
Adenohypophysis
405
What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa
406
Which cranial nerve to the tongue is responsible for movement?
XII
407
What covers the tooth that is embedded within the jaw?
Cementum
408
What type of epithelium forms the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium
409
Which stage of the follicle is marked by the surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells becoming cuboidal?
Primary Follicle
410
Which of the following is found in the peripheral nervous system?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Schwann cells
411
Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in the dermis?
1. Free nerve endings
2. Ruffini's corpuscles
3. Pacinian corpuscles
4. Krause's end bulbs
5. Meissner's corpuscle
Meissner's corpuscle
412
Distal Convoluted Tubule
413
Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil?
1. Corticotropic cells
2. Thyrotropic cells
3. Gonadotropic cells
4. None of the above
5. All of the above
None of the above
414
What is another term for the brush border?
Striated Border
415
What type of tissue lines the pharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells
416
What is the inner part of the ovary?
Medulla
417
What is the space called that is located at the portal canal between the hepatocytes and connective tissue?
Space of Mall
418
What is the glomerulus?
Capillary Tuft
419
Which layer contains Auerbach's plexus?
Muscularis Externa
420
What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur?
Respiratory Bronchiole
421
Which of the following is not part of the adenohypophysis?
1. Pars intermedia
2. Pars tuberalis
3. Pars distalis
4. Pars nervosa
5. All of the above are part of the adenohypophysis
Pars nervosa
422
What is the acidophilic glycoprotein coat which surrounds the oocyte?
Zona Pellucida
423
Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?
1. Receptor cells
2. Neurons
3. Pigmented epithelium
4. Ciliary body
5. Supporting cells
Ciliary body
424
Which gland secretes cortisol?
Adrenal gland (cortex)
425
What is the end of an axon called?
Terminal bouton
426
Collecting Duct
427
Which of the following lines the ventricles?
1. Astrocytes
2. Ependymal cells
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Microglia
5. Schwann cells
Ependymal cells
428
Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue?
Mucosa
429
Which of the following is true?
1. There is one corpus cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
2. There is one corpus cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
3. There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
4. There are two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
5. There are four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum
There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
430
In what structure does blood run through between the hepatocytes?
Sinusoids
431
Which cell is a macrophage found in the skin?
1. Kupffer cells
2. Histiocyte
3. Dust cell
4. Langerhans cell
5. Microglia
Langerhans cell
432
What is the surface layer of masticatory mucosa composed of?
* Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
* Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
433
What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?
Alveoli
434
What are the alveolar pores called?
Pores of Kohn
435
What are the **localised concentrations** of lymphocytes that are seen in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal tract?
Lymph Follicles
