Past Paper Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a ball-and-socket joint
A joint that allows movement in all directions (e.g. shoulder
What is a hinge joint
A joint that allows movement in one direction (e.g. elbow
How do antagonistic muscles move bones
One muscle contracts while the other relaxes to move the bone
What is the Rutherford model of the atom
A small dense nucleus with electrons orbiting in mostly empty space
What charge does an electron have
Negative
What charge does a proton have
Positive
What charge does a neutron have
No charge
What is the formula for speed
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
What causes pressure
A force acting on an area
What is the formula for pressure
Pressure = Force ÷ Area
What is bioaccumulation
Build-up of toxic substances in organisms over time
How does bioaccumulation affect ecosystems
It harms top predators and disrupts food chains
What is paper chromatography used for
To separate and identify substances in a sample
What are asteroids
Small rocky bodies left over from solar system formation
Where are most asteroids found
Between Mars and Jupiter (asteroid belt)
What is an invasive species
A new species that spreads quickly in a new ecosystem and are often brought there by humans
How do invasive species affect ecosystems
They outcompete native species and cause harm
What is solution concentration
How much solute is in a volume of solvent
What is reflection
Light bouncing off a surface
What is the law of reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
What are Earth’s climate cycles
Natural changes between intergalactic periods and ice ages over long time periods
What causes Earth’s climate to change
Atmospheric changes like rising greenhouse gases
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
Which metals are most reactive
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium
