Past Paper Q's - 2017 Flashcards
(47 cards)
A man after a road traffic accident (Man vs Car) requires a 6 unit transfusion, and then becomes acutely breathless/SOB, with a fever and tachycardia
Transfusion related lung injury (TRALI)
(Constellation of Tachycardia, Hypotension, and Fever + Shortness of breath +/or low O2 sats or Bilateral lung infiltrates)
Which deficiency more common in coeliac?
Folate
A girl with a sore throat develops rash after penicillin
Means EBV/CMV - Counts as drug reaction, not penicillin allergy
- An overweight individual with diabetes has longstanding bone/back pain. They are found to have paraprotein IgA ~8g/dl, and GFR 55mls/min/1.73m^2. FBC normal and albumin normal.
MGUS - Even though they have CRAB symptoms. You must rule out other causes of symptom. Weight causers back pain, diabetes causes renal damage
What is the most common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?
Escherichia Coli
Microbiology - Food poisoning question – guy develops foul-smelling diarrhoea and cramping pain 5 days after eating chicken at a barbeque
Campylobacter
1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli (watery camper)
48-72 hrs: Shigella (bloody), Campylobacter (hayfever campylo (flu prodrome) + (diarrhoea can be bloody))
7 days: Amoebiasis (Bloody), Giardiasis (Non-bloody diarrhoea)
Diarrhoea spreading on the ward
Norovirus
Which/what cell is inhibited by the presence of MHC1 on cells?
NK Cells
Pernicious anaemia stomach findings
- Weakened stomach lining (atrophic gastritis)
- An autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks intrinsic factors or the cells that make it.
Most common type of malignancy in the breast?
Invasive ductal carcinoma (accounts for 75% of all breast cancer) > DCIS is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer.
Which/What cancer is also known as non-specific type?
Invasive ductal carcinoma - No special findings on histology
Which/What cancer is associated with (? the presence of?) E cadherins?
If it said E-cadherin present, answer = Invasive ductal carcinoma.
However, if it said E-Cadherin negative, answer = Invasive lobular carcinoma
Cancer which has a high, medium and low stage to it.
DCIS
Fibro-epithelial tumour with abundant stromal elements.
Phyllodes tumour
Which/What enzyme if low, leads to hyperuricemia/rise in blood uric acid?
HGPRT
Which/What enzyme regulates the rate limiting step in haem biosynthesis pathway/of the blood?
ALA Synthase (d-Aminolevulinate Synthase) (because it is concerned with the SYNTHESIS of new haemoglobin)
Which enzyme is raised in mumps. Which enzyme raised in pancreatitis?
Amylase-S (Serum amylase is often elevated with any inflammation of the salivary glands. In Pancreatitis Amylase-P is often raised).
Man with weakness in the gym and ptosis.
M Gravis
A 12 year old boy has recurrent chest infections, and has an ear infection. He doesn’t have any B Cells.
Brutons - Which is solely a B cell deficiency
Boy with abscesses has a positive NBT.
Positive NBT means Myeloperoxidase deficiency. Negative means GCD
A man presents with the symptoms of a UTI and acute onset costovertebral pain. He is found to have pus cells and blood in his urine. What is the most likely cause?
Acute pylonephritis - Infection causes the pus
A man with AF (Atrial fibrillation) develops fever, nausea, vomiting and pain in his right loin/flank. What is the most likely cause?
Renal Infarct
Most common causes of DIC in pregnancy
Abruption, followed by Amniotic Fluid Embolism
MAHA + Thrombocytopaenia + Abnormal PT/APTT
DIC
