Past Paper Questions Flashcards
1
Q
True for imaging of acute pancreatitis, EXCEPT:
A
a. vascular usuration can be treated by intravascular embolization
b. pancreas is widened on ultrasonography
c. Murphy-sign is highly sensitive
d. peripancreatic fat has increased CT density
2
Q
The following preparations are necessary before a vascular interventional radiological procedure, EXCEPT for:
A
- Checking the INR value
- Check for the existence of a metal foreign body
- providing sufficient hydration
- checking the GFR value
3
Q
Which isotope is used most often for the conventional pharmacomedicine?
A
Technetium 99
4
Q
The imaging method of choice in a 20-year-old female with breast pain
A
- breast ultrasound (#1 choice for <30yo female)
- mammography
- CT
- MRI
* <30 yo: dense breast → hard to differentiate with mammography.
5
Q
Radioactive isotope used in radiotherapy?
A
Beta emitter
6
Q
Acute abdominal X-ray is generally used in everyday clinical practice to detect the following, EXCEPT
*Good for: Air-Fluid level in bowels, distended bowels, FBs, general overview, free abdominal air
A
- kidney stone
- foreign body
- air-fluid levels
- free abdominal air
7
Q
Which one is not a part of gamma camera?
A
X-ray tube
8
Q
In which clinical situation ultrasonography is considered as the initial imaging modality?
A
a. 34 year-old female patient with a palpable mass
b. 42 year-old female patient with a palpable mass
c. 27 year-old female patient with a palpable mass
d. 50 year-old female patient’s screening examination
9
Q
Chest X-ray can diagnose the following pathologies in case of acute chest pain, EXCEPT FOR:
A
- aortic dissection (can’t be visualized)
- pneumonia
- pneumothorax
- hydrothorax
10
Q
True for normal gallbladder fluid appearance on imaging modalities:
A
No Doppler Signal
11
Q
Patient case with renal failure. Question is if we should to CTA?
A
Vital patient. Do CTA
12
Q
For which tumor is DGC diagnosis not adequate for tumor?
A
Prostate
13
Q
Which of the following is not a common indication for PET-CT?
A
Size of primary tumor // also shape
14
Q
During breast ultrasound examination, the following finding suggests a potential malignancy:
A
a. microscopic calcification
b. weakly echogeneic, irregular structure with lobulated contour
c. hyperechoic, well-circumscribed nodule
d. marcoscopic calcification
15
Q
High resolution CT(HRCT) is NOT the reasonable choice in the following case:
A
Cerebellopontine angle – vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neurinoma)
16
Q
True for imaging of acute pancreatitis, EXCEPT:
A
Murphy-sign is highly sensitive
17
Q
What could be the most likely clinical diagnosis of this description: An inhomogeneous infiltrate is seen in the upper left lobe?
A
A) Pneumonia
B) Hydrothorax
C) Pneumothorax
D) Small circulatory congestion
18
Q
How should a patient arrive for a non-acute abdominal-pelvic ultrasound?
A
With a full bladder
19
Q
Which x-ray technique is applied by a conventional chest X-ray?
A
Hardbeam technique (120-140 keV)
20
Q
US sign of the intussusception
A
target sign
whirpool sign
pseudokidney sign
comet sign
21
Q
In case of typical liver hemangioma how can be characterize the mass in US?
A
Well rounded, hyperechoic
22
Q
To evaluate an abdominal CT, the optimal window-setting is
A
WL=60HU; WW=360HU
23
Q
Which correlation is the most CORRECT to the application of ultrasonography?
A
High frequency probe - poor penetration- good spatial resolution
24
Q
To differentiate a T1 and T2 weighted image in MR, look for:
A
Water
25
NOT true for MRCP (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography):
heavily T1-weighted sequence, therefore normal bile ducts and the gallbladder are hyperintense
26
Very small amount of free abdominal air can be reliably detected with the following imaging method?
(Ultrasound)?
27
Which statement is false about dynamic renal scintigraphy?
Used for Renal Tumors
28
Transducer used for thyroid US examination
Linear, 7,5-10MHz
29
Patognomic sign of GI tract perforation in an erect plain abdominal radiograph:
Crescent translucency under the dome of the hemidiaphragm
30
the following pathological conditions can't generate small bowel ileus:
Crohn’s disease
coecum tumor
strangulated hernia
***thrombosis of the splenic vein***
31
Structures with many acoustic interfaces are termed as hyperechoic or echogenic and by convention are viewed as bright areas on the image
TRUE
32
Which of the following statements about isotope studies is true?
a. Most of the isotope investigations have high specificity.
b. Most of the isotope investigations have high sensitivity and specificity.
c. ***Most of the isotope investigations have high sensitivity.***
d. Isotope investigations have no adverse or bionegative effects.
33
What is a radiopharmaceutical?
A specific molecule (specific for organ, molecule, function etc) marked with an unstable isotope.
34
Testicular imaging
US and MRI
35
Acoustic enhancement of ultrasonography is seen in case of:
a. renal cell carcinoma
b. gallstone
c. ***splenic cyst***
d. liver metastasis
36
In case of suspicion of intestinal perforation, oral contrast agent:
Can be given because iodine-containing preparations do not cause peritonitis
37
Which material of the followings is NOT used for embolisation?
a. polyvinyl alcohol molecule
b. ***microbubble***
c. absolute alcohol
d. coil
38
During ultrasound examination, the following finding suggests a potential malignancy in the breast
- calcification due to fat necrosis - B9 (mnemonics for Benign)
- encapsulated fluid collection (irreg. border)
- ***hypoechoic, irregular structure with lobulated contour (hyperdense)***
- microscopic calcifications (only reliably determined in mammograms, not US)
39
chose the false answer
acute sinusitis you need X-Ray scan (false)
40
,,Gold standard" method currently in the diagnostics of renal cell cancer:
Contrast enhanced multiphasic abdominal CT examination
41
Which statement is FALSE on double contrast bowel examination?
Distent the lumen with gas, which is a positive contrast media, because of decreasing transparency.
42
If a pulmonary infiltrate DOES NOT resolve over time despite treatment with antimicrobial agents, think of
Broncho-alveolar subtype of lung cancer
43
appendicitis can be visualized with the following imaging methods:
with native and contrast enhanced CT examination
**US examination**
P-A abdominal X ray
*_US and abdominal CT exam_*
44
Which of the followings is NOT true for subdural hematoma?
a. crescent-shaped
b. usually caused by rupture of the bridge veins
c. its density decreases with time
d. ***cannot extend into the fissure***
45
can be diagnosed with high certainty in a standing, two-way chest image in the case of chest trauma, except:
rib surgery
46
Which of the followings is NOT true for a chest radiograph performed in the Intensive Care Unit:
a. ***pleural fluid appears in the lateral sinuses***
b. cardiac contour is magnified
c. it is an A-P radiography
d. catheter position can be assessed by it
47
what is the first modality choice in symptomatic bone tumors
PET-CT
***Scintigraphy***
X-ray
CT
48
Negative abdominal X-ray rules out the following:
- ***Ileus*** (well visualized)
- Tumor
- Perforation of luminal organ
- none of the others
Lecture: However, not all cases of ileus or perforation can be proven with X-ray. A negative abdominal X-ray does not rule out ileus, perforation or tumor!
49
What are the most important advantages of ultrasound over x-ray examination? Please choose the wrong answer
a) ***better spatial resolution***
b) can be used during pregnancy
c) ability to measure flow
c) able to differentiate between soft tissue
50
Which structures are typically echodense? Please choose the wrong answer.
a) gallstone
b) kidney stone
c) sclerotic vascular plaque
d) ***liver cyst***
51
True for imaging of acute appendicitis:
appendix is thickened (more than 6 mm in diameter) with enhanced Doppler-signal
52
Gold standards for differentiation between kidney cyst and cystic kidney tumor:
***contrast CT***
contrast MR
US or CT guided biopsy
angiography
53
NOT true for gadolinium-based contrast agent:
a. due to its T1-shortening effect, it will appear hyperintense on T1-weighted images
b. ***its risk of adverse reactions is higher in comparison to that of the iodinated contrast agents***
c. unnecessary to administer it in TOF angiography
d. not recommended to use it in pregnancy
54
Which of the following indication is inadequate planning an MRI in head & neck region?
Bony skullbase evaluation in suspicion of bony fracture owing to an injury
55
True for clinical radiography:
a. at least 3 views are mandatory in bone fractures
b. x-ray film can reveal ostemyelitis within the first 3 days
c. diagnosis of acute sinusitis is based on sinus x-ray
d. ***Codman triangle is a sign of agressive bone lesions (e.g. osteosarcoma)***
56
How could we demonstrate a calcified stone in the gallbladder, with 30 mm in diameter?
With angiography
***with abdominal US examination***
native abdominal CT examinations
P-A abdominal X ray
57
for the mediastinal Lymph nodes the most acceptable imaging method is;
US
***CT***
scintigraphy
chest x ray
58
Does CT apply to radiation?
yes
59
If a pulmonary infiltrate does not resolve over time despite treatment with antimicrobial agents, be suspicious of:
the presence of mycoplasma or klebsiella
supraglottic cancer of larynx
***broncho-alveolar subtype of lung cancer***
broeck sarcoidosis
60
Which of the followings is true when comparing MRI versus CT?
a. both imaging modality can visualize multiple anatomical regions in a short examination time.
b. both uses X-ray, but the does used in MRI is lower.
c. MR imaging of the posterior fossa of the brain is limited due to artefact from the dense bone
d. ***diffuse axonal injury of the brain is better depicted by MR in trauma patients***
61
Which of the following modalities is NOT a functional imaging method?
A. Scintigraphy C
B. PET
C. ***Mammography***
D. SPECT
62
What are the characteristics of clinical ultrasound examinations? Please choose the **_wrong_** answer.
a) It can be used to examine the brain in newborns.
b) It is capable to measure flow rate.
c) ***A higher frequency transducer can be used to examine deeper layers***
d) Vascularization can be visualized using i.v contrast media.
63
NOT true for gadolinium-based contrast agent:
its risk of adverse reactions is higher in comparison to that of the iodinated contrast agents
64
When is it normal to see retroperitoneal fluid?
Post- surgery 1 week
65
which modality do you use in the assessment of the bony structures of the skull
US
CT
MRI
***Native XR 2 Directions***
66
Not true for gadolinium based contrast agents
- low-risk intravenous contrast agents can be used cautiously in patients with advanced renal impairment. (GFR 30ml/min/1.73m2)
- ***the risk of adverse reactions is the same as with iodinated contrast agents***
- since they have T1-shortening effect, they will be hyperintense on T1-weighted images.
- intravenous contrast agents with a high risk of causing nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) have been withdrawn from the market
67
pulmonary abscess usually appears on the chest x ray with:
lower transparency and crescent shape
***lower transparency ring shape with inner fluid level***
lower transparency lense shape
lower transparency wedge shape
68
Noncontrast CT is appropriate for:
- staging of abdominal region in oncologic patients
- ***assessment of kidney stones***
- following up of pulmonary embolism
- assessment of focal liver lesion of unknown dignity
69
Which of the followings is a CT characteristic of pulmonary embolism?
a. double lumen in the pulmonary artery
b. widening of the aorta
c. ***lack of pulmonary artery filling***
d. intimal flap in the pulmonary artery
70
Free peritoneal air
- can be detected with the usage of barium contrast material
- is always abnormal
- is a sign of parenchymal organ perforation
- ***is more sensitively detected with X-ray than CT***
71
Which comment IS NOT true regarding the multidetector/ multislice CT?
parallel rows of detectors
72
What is the ultrasound terminology of pure fluid?
a) echogenic
b) hypoechoic
c) ***anechoic***
d) echodense
73
True for imaging of acute appendicitis:
a. ultrasonography is a very sensitive modality in obese patients
b. iv. contrast administration is unnecessary to diagnose periappendicular abscess
c. ***appendix is thickened (more than 6 mm in diameter) with enhanced Doppler-signal***
d. CT is always necessary
74
True for triple-rule-out CT:
a. deep venous thrombosis can be excluded by it
b. ***quality of the study worsens in patients with increased heart rate***
c. intravenous contrast agent is unnecessary
d. Stanford A and B aortic dissecton cannot be differentiated by it
75
Which x-ray technique is applied by a conventional chest x-ray?
Hardbeam technique (120-140keV)
76
Which PET-radiopharmaceuticals is most often used in oncology?
18F-Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)
77
why is CT helpful in acute pancreatitis?
Cheap
avaliable everywhere
no contrast needed
***helps with morphologic assessment and the reactive changes surrounding it***
78
Most sensitive organ from radiation?
Gonads
79
Which of the following imaging methods is capable of detecting complications most efficiently?
Abdominal plain film
Abdominal US
***CT native and contrast enhanced***
barium meal
80
Noncontrast CT is appropriate for:
a. Staging of abdominal region in oncologic patients
b. Assessment of focal kidney lesion of unknown dignity
c. Follow-up of oncologic patient
d. ***Assessment of pulmonary fibrosis***
81
Lower electron-density regions (such as air) stop very few x-rays, therefore, lower
electron-density regions are rendered as dark on film
Both statements are correct and there is a connection between them
82
in the case of widening of the mediastinum what pathological process couldnt be the cause of this alteration:
lymphoma
aneurysm of descending aorta
***calcified pleural callus***
hilar pulmonary neoplasia
83
To differentiate a T1 and T2 weighted image in MR, look for:
- bones
- muscles
- aorta
- ***water***
84
choose the correct statement regarding hyperacute cerebral infarcts:
hyperdense media sign always visible
***hyperdense media sign is visible in 25-30 (50? ) of the cases***
hyperdense media sign is never visible
hyperdense media sign is visible in 10- 15%of the cases
85
What is the most common indication for thyroid scintigraphy?
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
86
Put the following into one row according to radiation dose:
Dental (lowest) → Chest → Background → Abdominal/Pelvis (highest)
87
In which anatomical structure can we register Doppler signal typically?
a) biliary duct
b) ***common carotid artery***
c) wirsung duct
d) ureter
88
the head and neck compartments are separated into parts on the basis of the following structures
epiglottis
***hyoid bone***
cricoid cartilage
uvula
89
What is false?
Nuclear medicine has higher spatial resolution than radiology
90
Which shape is generally characteristic in case of epidural bleeding...
lentiform
91
Biopsy with CT?
Can take from deeper structures (with US only superficial parts can be taken)
92
For mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes the most acceptable imaging method is?
CT
93
Bi-rad scaling?
Mammography scaling
94
During CT examinations in the Hounsfield scale the density of the .... Is fixed to zero
water
95
Which of the followings is NOT a common indication for PET-CT?
a. determination of distant metastases
b. determination of regional lymph node metastases
c. ***size of the primary tumour, exact determination of local tumor spread***
d. determining the dignity of solitary pulmonary nodules
96
High Resolution CT (HRCT) is NOT the reasonable choice in the following case:
a. Structure of the middle ear - conductive hearing loss?
b. Bone structure of femur - osteoid osteoma?
c. ***Cerebellopontine angle - acoustic neurinoma (vestibular schwannoma)?***
d. Structure of the lungs - restrictive pulmonary disease, fibrosis?
97
What type of probe is used for a standard abdominal ultrasound examination in an adult patient?
- 3-5 MHz liner
- 7-12 MHz convex
- ***3-5 MHz convex (more commonly used)***
- 7-12 MHz liner
98
interstitial shadows:
***web-like***
of vascular origin
patchy
common CT terminology for mesenteric fat
99
which correlation is the most CORRECT to the application of US:
High frequency probe- deep penetration- low spatial resolution
***high frequency probe- poor penetration- good spatial resolution***
low frequency probe- deep penetration- good spatial resolution
low frequency probe- poor penetration – good spatial resolution
100
Which of the following imaging methods DO NOT use ionizing radiation?
- ***Ultrasound and MRI***
- CT and MRI
- X-rays and Ultrasound
- Fluoroscopy and Ultrasound
101
MR spectroscopy is a useful method in the diagnosis of:
renal cell cancer
ovarian cancer
testicular cancer
***prostate cancer***
102
which technique is useful to demonstrate the ascites in the abdominal cavity?
Abdominal US
abdominal CT examination
***abdominal CT and US examination***
Scintigrapy
103
In case of the following GFR value the patient DOES NOT need hydration prior to an i.v. contrast-enhanced CT examination.
GFR is below 30 ml/min/1.73m2
Shouldn’t it be above 30 or rather 60?
104
Which of the following statements is FALSE about dynamic renal scintigraphy?
Can be used for the diagnosis of renal tumors
105
What is not true about gadolinium?
Have the same effect/side effect as iodine
106
In the study of patients in the intensive care unit, the radial direction of the on- site chest recordings is:
Anteroposterior (AP)
107
The head & neck compartments are separated into parts on the basis of the following structure...
Hyoid Bone
108
The following conditions can affect the administration of iv. CT contrast media, EXCEPT FOR:
- ***Coughing, epiphora, sense of palpation and appearance of utricaria on chest and back following the administration of a certain type and concentration of iv. Contrast media***
- Latest eGFR 28ml/min/1.73m2
**-“Iodine allergy” indicated on the referral – rash appearing after using antiseptic agent on skin.**
- Diabetes, chronic kidney disease patients who are not on dialysis, intake of Metformin containing drugs on the day of examination.
109
Which of the followings is NOT a common indication for PET-CT?
a. ***size of the primary tumour, exact determination of local tumor spread***
b. determining the dignity of solitary pulmonary nodules
c. determination of distant metastases
d. determination of regional lymph node metastases
110
Does the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia contradict the negative RTG (x-ray) image?
No, the RTG image may be negative for the first 48 hours after the onset of symptoms.
111
in case of huge left sided pleural fluid collection, the mediastinal complex will move:
***moderately to the right side***
the mediastinal complex will stay in an unchanged
moderately to the left side
expressely to the left
112
Necessary steps of patient preparation before vascular intervention, EXCEPT:
a. ***exclusion of aneurysm clip***
b. hydration of the patient
c. measurement of INR
d. cessation of Metformin
113
Acoustic enhancement on ultrasonography is seen in case of:
Splenic Cyst
114
Imaging characteristics of herpes encephalitis, EXCEPT:
a. asymmetric involvement of the temporal lobes
b. hyperintensity on T2W and FLAIR MRI
c. ***highly specific changes on brain CT***
d. restricted diffusion on DWI MR
115
True for clinical radiography:
Codman triangle is a sign of agressive bone lesions (e.g. osteosarcoma)
116
Pathognomonic sign of GI tract perforation in an erect plain abdominal radiograph
oral contrast material depicted in the duodenum
colon cut- off significant
broad air- fluid level in the transverse colon
***crescent translucency under the dome of the hemidiaphram***
117
Interstitial shadows
web-like
118
Which are the guiding principles when it comes to choosing the modality to diagnose a disease?
Modality with high specificity, least invasive, available and most cost-effective
119
First chosen imaging method in case of a neck nodule
US
120
X-ray using technique?
CT (DSA)
121
whats FALSE about air in abdomen:
X-ray is more sensitive than CT
122
In case of suspected nephron-ureterolithiasis the best method for the localization of the stone is:
Low-dose CT
123
NOT true for MRCP (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography):
a. intravenous contrast agent is unnecessary to perform this study
b. ***heavily T1-weighted sequence, therefore normal bile ducts and the gallbladder are hyperintense***
c. may determine the cause of bile duct dilation
d. can be an alternative to ERCP
124
In which regions is a 3-5 MHz convex transducer used generally?
a. deep vein thrombosis evaluation
b. carotid artery scanning
c. ***abdominal scanning***
d. thyroid nodule characterization
125
In which imaging study is radiation protection mandatory?
Barium Swallowing
126
Negative abdominal X-ray rules out the following:
a. intraabdominal free fluid
b. large gallbladder stone
c. ***large collection of intraabdominal free air***
d. large hepatic tumor
127
in case of suspected nephro- ureterolithiasis the best method for the localization of the lithiasis is:
abdominal US
intravenous urography
***low dose CT***
PET CT
128
Which guidance technique is mainly used for taking biopsy of thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound guided
129
In case of which of the following conditions would you make a Frimann-Dahl radiograph?
Subpulmonal fluid. Lateral decubitus position
130
main component of tissue with -70 HU
***fat***
bone
water
air
131
Which is NOT an indication for bile duct interventional radiological procedure?
- cholangitis
- bile duct stenosis caused by malignant tumor
- bile stone
- ***portal hypertension***
132
A young 30 years old female was admitted for the emergency department with a strong, beating like, occipital headache. What is the
first imaging method?
MR
skull X ray
***CT of the brain***
color duplex carotid US
133
How do you describe the finding of clear fluid/cyst in ultrasound?
Anechoic
134
Which of the following is not an indication for bone scintigraphy?
Localization of the primary tumor. (The indication is diagnosis of bone metastasis, staging and follow up.)
135
Epidural hematoma appears on CT examination usually with: \* Subdural hematoma = crescent shape
Amorphic contours
ring shape
***lens shape***
crescent shape
136
In case of which organ can you apply ultrasonography as the first imaging modality for adults?
Liver
137
Which material of the followings is NOT used for embolisation?
microbubble
138
Chest pain, dyspnea, impaired renal function (GFT = 38 ml/min/1.73m2) and D-dimer positivity in the laboratory, S1Q3 on ECG. The patient is hemodynamically instable. Does the renal impairment change the diagnostic strategy?
- Yes, prophylactic intravenous hydration should be performed first to avoid contrast-induced acute kidney injury, then the pulmonary CT angiography may be performed
- No, in this case chest x-ray should be performed first, and pulmonary CT angiography should only be considered upon a positive chest X-ray
- Yest, because of the severe renal impairment only a non-contrast chest CT should be performed
- **No, acute pulmonary CT angiography must be performed because of the life-threatening emergency, the consequential contrast-induced acute kidney injury is of secondary concern**
139
Contrast-enhanced MRI is used in the following clinical situations, EXCEPT:
a. ***to detect breast implant rupture***
b. to assess multifocality
c. to differentiate between scar tissue and recurrent tumor
d. to examine chest wall infiltration by breast cancer
140
To evaluate an abdominal CT, the optimal window setting is... on the hounsfield scale?
WL = 60 HU // WW = 360 HU
\*WL = windowing level, WW = windowing width
141
Which imaging method is applied for screening of hip dysplasia for neonates between 4-5 months
X-ray
***US***
MRI
None
142
Which of the followings is true when comparing MRI versus CT?
diffuse axonal injury of the brain is better depicted by MR in trauma patients
143
Which of the followings has a negative CT density value?
a. chronic hematoma
b. cerebrospinal fluid
c. grey matter of the brain
d. ***mesenterial fat***
144
Iodinated contrast agent is applied in which radiological study?
DSA
145
How should a patient arrive for a non-acute abdominal-pelvic ultrasound?
a. ***with full bladder***
b. with kidney function laboratory test (GFR)
c. after colon cleansing
d. after 2-hour fasting
146
The ... classification system divides renal cystic masses into 5 categories based on imaging characteristics on contrast-CT
Bosniak
147
What is the typical ultrasound terminology of gallstone?
a) echogenic
b) hypoechoic
c) anechoic
d) ***echodense***
148
How should the patient arrive for abdominal and pelvic ultrasound? Please mark the WRONG answer
- with kidney function results not older than one week.
- with full bladder
- ***after at least 4 hours of fasting*** (6~8 hours of fasting generally.)
- with previous ultrasound reports
149
Galactography is indicated:
a. in case of bilateral breast discharge
b. in case of mastitis
c. ***in case of unilateral breast discharge***
d. in detection of an intracystic solid component
150
Which of the followings is NOT true for a chest radiograph performed in the Intensive Care Unit?
a. cardiac contour is magnified
b. catheter position can be assessed by it
c. it is an A-P radiography
d. ***pleural fluid appears in the lateral sinuses***
151
in case of a simple renal cyst ( with 25 mm diameter without irregular wall and without septations) how could we characterize the inner content of the cyst?
Hypoechoic
***anechoic***
hyperchoic
hyperdens
152
What is the half-life of Technetium 99?
6 hours
153
In case of the following GFR value, the patient does not need hydration prior to an iv. contrast enhanced CT examination
GFR is above 60ml/min/1.73 m2
154
Based on the physical investigation and laboratory parameters, there is a suspicion of acute pancreatitis. Which of the following imaging methods is able to detect the complications most efficiently?
CT /unenhanced and contrast-enhanced study
155
Which imaging modality is capable to differentiate between solid and cystic breast masses?
a. galactography
b. ***ultrasonography***
c. PET-CT
d. mammography
156
What does sonoelastography mean?
- examination of blood flow parameters in the tissue
- examination of flow by reflections of flowing particles
- **examination of tissue elasticity by ultrasonography**
- examination of tissue contrast enhancement using microbubbles
157
In which imaging study is radiation protection mandatory?
a. contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
b. sonoelastography
c. ***barium swallowing***
d. MR angiography
158
Which investigation is strongly recommended before doing a barium enema?
a) Pelvic US
b) Cystoscopy
c) ***Rectoscopy***
d) Urography
159
What can we investigate with myocardial scintigraphy?
Rate of Perfusion
160
for pneumothorax in x-ray
Outline of lungs will disappear
161
During breast ultrasound examination, the following finding suggests a potential malignancy:
weakly echogeneic, irregular structure with lobulated contour
162
the 18 F- FDG
its tumorspecific
***gives information about the glucose uptake of the tumor cells***
emits only characteristic XR
useful for tumor therapy
163
The main role of MRI in oncologic imaging is
- local tumor staging
- overview of organ systems and local tumor staging in a short examination time
- making large field of view (FOV) images, since image resolution is not affected by the FOV
- ***Imaging the same regions as with CT scan for better documentation.***
164
Which of the following statements about isotope studies is true?
Most of the isotope investigations have high sensitivity.
165
if you have lung cancer what kind of imaging?
Chest CT
166
Ultrasound sign of volvulus
“Whirlpool sign”
167
What is the shape of subarachnoid bleeding?
Bleeding follows the sulci and space of the subarachnoid space.
168
If suspicion of acute pancreatitis, which of the following imaging methods is capable of detecting the complications most efficiently?
A. Abdominal plain film
B. Abdominal US
C. ***CT native and contrast enhanced***
D. Barium meal
169
Indications for chest x-ray:
Acute fever, respiratory symptoms, indicative physical examination findings, trauma, ICU patient status, chest tubes/drains/cannules/foreign bodies, acute abdomen, preoperative setting, lung screening.
170
TRUE regarding intramural hematoma (IMH)
**- IMH is a type of acute aortic syndrome**
**- in suspicion of IH non-contrast phase has to be performed as well**
- ***both are correct***
- both are false
171
What is the role of MRI in the polytrauma care algorithm?
- A cranial MRI scan is performed in each case
- The first step in the diagnostic algorithm: whole body MRI
- **Detection of neurological abnormalities, possible discoligamentous lesions and exclusion of intraspinal hematoma which cannot be otherwise explained by CT.**
- ***Plays no role at all, CT and US are enough.***
172
What is the frequency and probe used in abdominal ultrasound?
3,5-5 mHz convex probe
173
Which of the following fracture-type is considered as ,,pathologic fracture"?
Fractures due to osteoporosis, Fracture of bones weakened by a tumor, inflammation or cyst
174
Which method is used for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture?
Contrast enhanced abdomino-pelvic CT – CT angiography
175
What are the indications for contrast enhanced ultrasound examination? Please choose the wrong answers.
a) ***differential diagnosis of hepatic masses***
b) for the evaluation of complex renal cysts
c) distinguishing between active and inactive Chron’s disease
d) to diagnose hepato-splenomegaly
176
contrast material in small intestine
nasojejunal tube needs to stay close
177
Which of the followings has a negative CT density value?
***a. mesenterial fat***
b. chronic hematoma
c. cerebrospinal fluid
d. grey matter of the brain
178
Which modality DOES NOT apply ionizing radiation?
Contrast enhanced US
179
In the case of a polytraumatic patient which is the fastest image method to get use information about cranial, chest and abdominal condition?
Non contrast and contrast enhanced multidetector CT exam
180
In the suspicion of esophageal perforation which of the following statements is correct regarding contrast media application:
**Water-soluble contrast material should be used.**
Note: BA containing CM can cause mediastinitis
181
in diagnostic in nuclear medicine
only gamma radiation is used
only beta radiation is used
only positron emission is used
***gamma and positron emision are used***
182
Which color indicates the flow towards the transducer conventionally in color Doppler?
a) black
***b) red***
c) blue
d) white
183
ln case of stroke, treatment strategy is primarily based on the following findings?
Presence of hemorrhage
184
Which modality can be used in radiofrequency ablation?
US, MRI, X-ray, CT
185
What is detected by PET camera?
Gamma Photons
186
What kind of material is administered to the patient during an isotope examination?
Radiopharrnacon
187
Characteristics of the AP view
- Small amounts of pleural fluid is hard to notice on an AP chest X-ray
- The cardiac silhouette is larger than on a PA view
- AP view is obtained for a supine chest radiograph
- ***All of the above***
188
What is the typical appearance of a subarachnoid hemorrhage on CT?
- **hyperdense / in basal cistern, most commonly around the circle of Willis**
- hypodense / in basal cisterns, most commonly around the circle of Willis
- hypodense / amorphous, within the brain
- hyperdense / amorphous, within the brain
189
how do you call tge complex that should be evaluated in case of chronic sinusitis?
***Osteomeatal complex***
osteomata complex
ethimoidal complex
nasomeatal complex
190
Iodinated contrast agent is applied in which radiological study?
a. ultrasonography
b. scintigraphy
c. magnetic resonace imaging
d. ***digital subtraction angiography***
191
Which imaging modality is capable to differentiate between solid and cystic breast masses?
US
192
Which structures are typically anechoic? Please choose the wrong answer
a) full bladder
b) cyst
c) the lumen of greater vessels
d) ***acute hematoma***
193
Traumatic limb RTG recordings most often in how many directions is it made?
2
194
Acoustic shadowing on US is seen in case of
- liver abscess
- hyperechoic kidney tumor
- ***gallstone*** (Cholelithiasis = hyperechoic (bright))
- liver cyst
195
Which imaging method is applied for screening of hip dysplasia for neonates between 4~5 months of age?
Ultrasonography
196
Gall stone on ultrasound is?
Hyperechoic
197
What is the resolution of ultrasound in soft tissue?
1540 m/s
198
True for normal gallbladder fluid appearance on imaging modalities:
a. CT density is approximately -50 HU
***b. no Doppler signal***
C. hyperintense on T1
d. hyperechoic
199
Which of the followings is a CT characteristic of pulmonary embolism?
a. double lumen in the pulmonary artery
b. widening of the aorta
c. intimal flap in the pulmonary artery
d. ***lack of pulmonary artery filling***
200
what is FALSE on double contrast bowel examination?
- Smear mucosa with Ba- containing contrast agent
- ***distend lumen with gas, which is a + contrast media, because of decreasing transparency***
- relax bowel walls with smooth muscle relaxant
- depiction: luminal, contour, mucosal relief
201
What is the primary treatment option in crural arterial stenosis/occlusion?
- hybrid operation
- open surgery
**- endovascular recanalization** (minimum invasive, lower risk of amputation)
- conservative management
202
Which of the following is true?
Most isotope investigations have high sensitivity ...
(REMEMBER: Isotope investigations have high sensitivity, but low specificity.)
203
How do you call TGE ? complex that should be evaluated in case of chronic sinusitis ?
Ostiomeatal complex
