Past Paper Questions Flashcards
(14 cards)
Why is there a high energy incresase when an ATP molecules is added to a reaction?
Due to the addition of a phosphate ion by ATP molecules, addition of ATP makes the molecules more polar therefor less likely yo diffuse out of the cell
Why would there be a decrease in energy during a reaction
Energy is trapped by ATP thereore energy is taken
Outline the role of coenzymes in aerobic respiration
. NAD/FAD recieves electrons
. Coenzymes are reoxidised in the electron transport chain
. ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation
Where in the chloroplast does ETC take place?
Thylakoid membrane
What are the end products of Aerobic respiration in the Chloroplast?
Protons re-enter the sroma and combine with the electrons and NADP to form NADPH (used in the calvin cycle)
What are the end products of aerobic respiration in the mitochondria?
Protons flow back into the matrix by chemiosmosis where they combine with the electrons from the chain and oxygen to form water
What is the number of protons pumps in the chloroplast
1
What is the number of proton pumps in the mitochondria?
3
What is the direction of flow of protons through the ATP synthetase in the chloroplast?
From the thylakoid space into the stroma
What are the final electron acceptor in the chloroplast
NADP and H+
State what happens during glycolysis
- Glucose is phosphorylated using 2ATP into hexose phosphate
- The hexose phosphate splits into two triose phosphate molecules
- The oxidation of these triose phosphates yields 2 ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
- Dehydrogenation releases 2 hydrogen that are picked up by NAD. The resulating 2x Pyruvate diffuses into the mitochondria
Describe what happens during the Link reaction
- Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate catalysed by the decarboxylase releases carbon dioxide
- Dehydrogenation catalyses dehydrogenase releasing pairs of hydrogen stoms converting NAD to NADH
- The addition of coenzyme A forms Acetyl coenzyme A which enters the krebs cycle
State what happens during the Krebs Cycle?
- The acetate from the acetylCoenzyme A combines with the 3C compound to form 6C compound
- Decarboxylation occurs forming 5C compound and dehydrogenation occurs reducing NAD- NADH
- Decarboxylation forms a 4C compound and dehydrogenation reduces NAD - NADH, substrate level phosphorylation occurs giving 1 ATP
- Dehydrogenation forming FADH
- Dehydrogenation forming NADH
State what happens during ETC?
- NADH and FADH deliver pairs of hydrogen atoms to the ETC
- Oxidation occurs delivering protons (H+) and high energy electrons (e-) to the proton pumps on the inner-mitochondrial membrane
- NADH uses three proton pump therefore 3 ATP are released. FADH uses two proton pumps releasing 2 ATP molecules
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