Past Question

Question 1

List 4 stresses on dairy cows on an Intensive farm

Answer 1

Excess crowding, Resting cows being trampled without notice ,Very poor estrus detection ,Long periods spent standing on concrete , Problems with high rank cows dominating water points and feeding facilities Heifers are bullied, especially if they are separated and then reintroduced , Poor milk management Poor noticing of disease incidence , Stockmen under greater pressure and in larger teams therefore less satisfaction and attention to detail , Stress related disease in cows , Large herds need more labour

Question 2

List 4 stresses related to animals kept in captivity.

Answer 2

the presence or absence of critical sensory stimuli
: Sound , Light , conditions , Odors , Thermal and tactile experience
Substrate – effects of thermal experience

Question 3

Confinement-specific stressors:

Answer 3

Restricted movement Reduced retreat space Forced proximity to humans

Question 4

List the 5 freedoms

Answer 4

1. Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition.
2. Freedom from discomfort.
3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease.
4. Freedom to express normal behaviour.
5. Freedom from fear and distress

Question 5

List 4 effects of early weaning in piglets

Answer 5

Sudden change of diet from milk to solid food
Sudden change of environment
Being mixed with piglets from other litters Aggression for dominance as a result of mixing

Question 6

List 2 reasons for separation anxiety in dogs

Answer 6

This misbehavior may be due to boredom, fear of abandonment, loneliness, lack of attention, other factors

Question 7

List 4 advantages of keeping animals in groups

Answer 7

It has benefits in several ways in the wild risk dilution:
Less likely to be eaten by predators
Defense of vulnerable young
Detecting danger
Each group member is able to forage more efficiently if ‘scanning’ for predators Is shared
Sharing the food discovered – ‘finders’ (hunts) and ‘scroungers’ (eats what others hunt) – bald eagle
Effective food detection
Pack of wolves hunting
Social learning Chicks can learn from the hen and other older animals which food items are better.

Question 8

List Tinberg’s 4 questions

Answer 8

What is the causation of the behaviour? –e.g. stimuli that stimulate or elicit the behaviour, hormones, etc.)
What is the function of the behaviour? –e.g. how the behaviour adds to the animal’s reproductive success
How does the behaviour develop during ontogeny? –the way a behaviour is modified by individual experiences
How does the behaviour develop during phylogeny? –an evolutionary question, involves the comparison of related species

Question 9

Ways to stop stereotypic behaviour of horses

Answer 9

Prevention is most important by keeping them in pasture, providing ad lib hay and social contact.
A collar could also be used however this causes skin trauma, increased stress level and after it is taken off, they spend more time crib-biting.
Instead, risk factors should be removed, environmental enrichment should be provided and behavior therapy given.

Question 10

What condition do pigs sleep in

Answer 10

.

Question 11

Classic conditioning

Answer 11

Presentation of neutral stimuli along with an effective stimulus, resulting in the animal linking the two.

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

Animal changes its behaviour to a situation based on its association with a stimulus.

Question 13

Operant counter conditioning

Answer 13

Underexploited strategy in management of horse behavior. Basically, putting the horse in an unpleasant situation whilst giving it treats which it enjoys so the fear-eliciting stimulus does not scare it. Eventually the horse gets used to it.

Question 14

Conditions of water trough that cows prefer

Answer 14

Cattle shouldn’t have to stick their head between bars to reach a water bowl.

Question 15

Reasons for drinking dirty water in cows

Answer 15

Mineral Deficiency in Phosphorus/Sulphur

Question 16

Behaviour of chickens

Answer 16

To stabilize a peck order (basically a hierarchical system of poultry); Form new hen groups by mixing before start of production. Do not revolve birds around groups. Provide many feed and water points and a lot of floor area when flock is settling. If mixing 2 groups, put equal numbers of each subgroup. Ensure that males have been in a group before mixing them with hens. Putting a male among hen reduces pecking level. Most of pecking in caged birds happens during feeding and depends on the feeder space and number of birds in the cage.

Question 17

Horse vision and blind spot

Answer 17

Directly in front and directly behind

Question 18

Horse vision and blind spot

Answer 18

Directly in front and directly behind