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Toxicology > Past questions > Flashcards

Past questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. It is the antidote of severe deadly nightshade poisoning
A

Physostigmine

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2
Q

Poisonings caused by metaldehyde, salt, ethylene glycol, permethrin and diazinon can cause convulsions as symptoms.

A

True

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3
Q

Which side effect is NOT characteristic for sulphonamide toxicosis?

A

Cartilage damage

- fluroquinolones

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4
Q
  1. Copper toxicosis appears always in acute forms in swine
A

False

- chronic more common swine diet, premix (growth promoter)

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5
Q

This animal contains cardiac glycoside compound.

A

The Danaus butterfly, the toxic compound is originated from plants

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6
Q
  1. Which compound can cause thyroid gland hypertrophy?
A

Dithiocarbamate

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7
Q

In case of poisonings with weak acids (e.g. ibuprofen), urinary pH should be alkalic to enhance elimination, which can be achieved e.g. with vitamin C administration.

A

False

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8
Q

This compound is not an organophosphate.

A

Propoxur

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9
Q

Anaemia can be a consequence of lead toxicosis due to reduction in haem synthesis

A

True

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10
Q
  1. Nitrophenol derivatives can cause hyperthermia
A

True

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11
Q
  1. Do not use artificial respiration to treat hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning.
A

True

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12
Q
  1. What is the specific component of the bee’s venom?
A

Mellitin

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13
Q
  1. It posesses venom:
A

Elaphidae spp.

- cobra/mamba/coral

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14
Q
  1. Carbon monoxide is heavier than air, so sensors should be placed as low as possible.
A

False

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15
Q

Indolizidine alkaloid

A

Slaframine

  • slobbers, bloat
  • USA
  • mainly eq, sometimes bo & sheep
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16
Q

Ergoline alkaloid

A

Lysergic acid

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17
Q

Macrocyclic trichothecene

A

Roridin

  • verrucarin
  • satratoxin
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18
Q

Long chain fatty acid

A

Fumonisins

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19
Q

Trichothecene

A

Diacetoxyscirpenol

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20
Q
  1. Which cell type is damaged the most in case of chronic fluoride toxicosis?
A

Ameloblast

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21
Q
  1. In ethylene glycol poisoning, typical pathological signs include edemas throughout the body and acute tubulonephrosis
A

True

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22
Q
  1. Diazepam can be used as symptomatic antidote against both tremorgenic mycotoxins and ergolides.
A

True

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23
Q
  1. Which substance can be used in eyedrops to induce vomiting in dogs?
A

Apomorphine

Ropirinole

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24
Q
  1. Symptom of hemlock poisoning.
A

Ascending paralysis
Paralysis of repiratory muscles
GI: local irritation, bloat
Swine: teratogenic

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25
Q
  1. Nitrogen dioxide is a light brown gas lighter than air. It accumulates in the higher parts of buildings with high ceilings
A

False

  • heavier than air
  • CD, ND, CL, HS, SD = all heavier
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26
Q
  1. What is the dose of vitamin K in dogs in case of brodifacoum poisoning (at least in the first two weeks)?
A

3-5 mg/kg (bw) SC, PO small animala

  1. 5-1 mg/kg large animals
    - 1-2 mg/kg 7 days
    - 1-2mg/kg every 2nd day for 14 days
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27
Q
  1. Which statement is true for the toxicosis, caused by bees and wasps?
A

In case of horses, excitement and frenzy can show up as systemic symptoms

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28
Q
  1. Which laboratory parameter is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?
A

Alkalic pH

- acidic pH

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29
Q
  1. This toxic metal ion exists in different oxidation states and chronic usage can lead to tolerance development
A

Arsenic

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30
Q
  1. Ethylene glycol and ethanol are both substrates of the alcoholdehydrogenase, but the enzyme’s affinity is higher to ethanol.
A

True

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31
Q
  1. Organophosphates are sensitive for basic pH
A

True

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32
Q
  1. Deoxynivalenol stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in medulla oblongata, leading to vomiting. Unlike other trichothecenes, it does not cause local irritation.
A

False

- Does cause local irritation

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33
Q
  1. In the case of paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis the Vitamin C and cimetidine IV administration at the same time as antidotes are more effective then the N-acetyl-cistein as antioxidant.
A

False

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34
Q
  1. Symptoms of poisoning are similar to xylazine’s side effects.
A

Amitraz

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35
Q
  1. The most toxic part of Blue Star are its seeds.
A

True

  • Indole alkaloids: LSD, hallucinogenic
  • Glycosides: GI, hypotension
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36
Q
  1. What is the cause of the Itai-itai disease?
A

Chronic Cd toxicosis

  • hyper- parakeratosis, general ostechondrosis, osteomalatia
  • spermiogenesis disruption -> sterility
  • kidney failure -> proteinuria
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37
Q
  1. Balancing hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia during poisoning by cardiac glycosides is a must, otherwise these will icrease the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest due to the cardiac glycosides’ negative chronotropic effect.
A

True

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38
Q
  1. Brodifacoum is the inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase.
A

True

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39
Q
  1. Fumonisins are equally likely to cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pigs.
A

False

- rare su, pulmonary oedema more often

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40
Q
  1. What is the leading symptom of paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis in cats?
A

Chocolate brown blood

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41
Q
  1. What is characterisic to the pharmacokinetics of bromadiolone?
A

It is well absorbed orally

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42
Q
  1. The main active ingredient of the Solenopsis spp. ants is an alkaloid.
A 
True
- fire ants
- not so painful 
- urticarial weal -> vesicle -> 
 pustule ->  within 24 h  rupturing -> crust
- multiple stings: systemic signs
convulsions, apnea
shock, rapid death
- Tx: corticosteroids, epinephrine
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43
Q
  1. How can the systemic side effects of aminoglycoside administration be decreased?
A

Give SID with IV fluid therapy

With oral administration

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44
Q
  1. DDT and mercury are accumulated in the food chain.
A

True

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45
Q
  1. Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin, formed by an irreversible chemical bond.
A

False

- reversible

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46
Q
  1. Using emetics is contraindicated if the poisoning is caused by irritative substances (e.g. acids, bases).
A

True

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47
Q
  1. Dimercaprol and succimer can be applied in case of the following metal toxicosis.
A

Arsenic

Mercury

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48
Q
  1. Which of these can cause colliquation necrosis?
A

Acetic acid

- exception, all other acids coagulation necrosis

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49
Q
  1. Which herbicide can cause inhibition of ATP synthesis and increase the body temperature?
A

Nitrophenols

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50
Q
  1. Which substance can be used to alleviate convulsions in acute poisonings?
A

Pentobarbital

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51
Q
  1. A Tompsett test is suitable for detecting nitrophenol derivatives.
A

False

- Bipyridil derivatives

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52
Q
  1. Based on the toxicity, rodents (e.g. mouse, rat) are less sensitive to the mycotoxins than the domesticated species.
A

True

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53
Q
  1. In rodenticide poisonings, hypocalcaemia and hyperkalaemia are typical laboratory signs.
A

False

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54
Q

N-acetylcysteine

dosage

A

140 mg/kg(bw) in the beginning, then 70 mg/kg(bw)

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55
Q

Phytomenadione

dosage

A

0.5-1 mg/ttkg for farm animals

= vit K1, used for rodenticide poisoning

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56
Q

Activated charcoal doage

A

2-5 g/kg(bw)

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57
Q

Atropine dosage

A

0.2-0.5 mg/kg(bw)

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58
Q

Diazepam doasge

A

1-5 mg/kg(bw)

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59
Q
  1. Which substance cannot be used to alleviate convulsions in poisonings?
A

Acepromazine

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60
Q
  1. Which compound can block the function of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase?
A

Dithiocarbamate

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61
Q

Methylene blue 1% solution iv. application =

A

Nitrate/nitrite

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62
Q

Acetic acid (5%) p.o. application

A

Urea

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63
Q

Use of liver protectives and iv. glucose

A

Xylitol

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64
Q

Use of antioxidants and membrane protectives

A

Monensin

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65
Q

Hypotonic iv. Infusion

A

Table salt

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66
Q
  1. Mydriasis can be seen in both amitraz and pyrethroid poisoning.
A

False

- only pyrethroids

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67
Q
  1. The polychlorinated biphenil compounds break down in the nature fast
A

False

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68
Q
  1. Symptoms of chronic ergot poisoning are necrosis and pushing away of tails and combs.
A

True
- GANGRENOUS FORM:
tonic spasms of blood vessels of prominent
body parts
necrosis, pushing away (tail, comb)
- NERVOUS FORM: high excitability, stift gait, lameness
convulsions

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69
Q
  1. Acute inflammation of oropharynx is typical in case of this poisoning(s).
A

Monstera spp.

Diffenbachia spp.

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70
Q
  1. In case of ethylene glycol poisoning, which substance is formed from the original molecule due to the effect of aldehyde-dehydrogenase?
A

Glycolic acid

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71
Q
  1. The first application of an antivenin has high risk of an anaphilactic reaction to happen.
A

False

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72
Q
  1. Non macrocyclic trichothecenes, ergopeptines, and ergoline alkaloids are more likely to be widespread in warmer climatic zones.
A

False

- colder climates

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73
Q
  1. Dioxines are capable of bioaccumulation
A

True

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74
Q
  1. From this list, this species is the less sensitive to nitrite-nitrate poisoning
A

Dog

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75
Q
  1. This substance can cause fulminant poisoning in case of sudden weight loss due to accumulation in adipose tissues.
A

DDT

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76
Q
  1. Which substances can cause vasodilatation, anaphylactoid reaction and immunosuppression?
A

Iron

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77
Q
  1. Poison against snails and slugs.
A

Metaldehyde

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78
Q
  1. Which species is highly sensitive to xylitol?
A

Dog

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79
Q
  1. Which dose of bromadiolone intake requires observation and repeated PTT check on the animal?
A

0.02 mg/kg(bw)

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80
Q
  1. Both hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are produced in high concentrations during the treatment of pig and poultry liquid manure
A

False

  • only hydrogen sulfide
  • sulfur dioxide produced by coal, oil, petroleum combustion
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81
Q
  1. This antidote is usually orally applied
A

D-penicillamine
- copper, zinc = antidote
(arsenic, mercury)

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82
Q
  1. Zearalenone is approximately three-fold more toxic as zearalenol.
A

True

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83
Q
  1. Arsenic toxicosis can be treated with dimercaprol.
A

True

- and mercury

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84
Q

Zinc antidote

A

CaNa2-EDTA

+ D-penicillamine

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85
Q

Selenium antidote

A 
No specific antidote 
- GI detoxification:
activated charcoal, saline purgatives
- Symptomatic therapy:
oxygen therapy, pulmonary edema, shock
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86
Q

Iron antidote

A

Deferoxamine

87
Q

Lead antidote

A

CaNa2-EDTA

+ Succimer 10 mg/kg TID dogs 10 days

88
Q
  1. Pentobarbital is contraindicated for the treatment of convulsions caused by poisionings due to its side effects.
A

False

89
Q
  1. What is the main effect of the bufodineolides?
A

They have similar effect as the Digitalis glycosides

90
Q
  1. Oxalate crystals in Poinsettia spp cause kidney damage.
A

False

  • Euforbic acid
  • GI, salivation, skin & eye
91
Q
  1. For which animal species is it true that at the application site of the toxin urticarial weal forms, that transforms into vesicle, this transforms into pustule within 24 hours, later it usually ruptures and forms a crust.
A

Solenopsis ant species

92
Q

median lethal concentration: 10%

A

CO2

93
Q

median lethal concentration:

0.13%

A

CO

94
Q

median lethal concentration: 0.1%

A

Cl2

95
Q

median lethal concentration: 0.08

A

H2S

96
Q

median lethal concentration: 0.02

A

NO2

97
Q
  1. Which symptom is not characteristic to acute kidney failure in ethylene glycol poisoning?
A

Polyuria/polydipsia

- oliguria, anuria

98
Q
  1. Albendazol mainly has teratogenic effect in this species.
A

Sheep

99
Q
  1. Phomopsin toxicosis can cause severe clinical signs and rapid death.
A

True

-mycotoxin

100
Q
  1. The polychlorinated biphenyl compounds are acting on the AcCh (acetylcholine) receptors
A

False

  • activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AH receptor)
  • same as Dioxins
101
Q
  1. In case of brodifacoum poisioning, dose of vitamin K is 1-5 mg/kg(bw) orally, for at least 4 weeks.
A

True

102
Q
  1. This plant contains calcium-oxalate.
A 
Daffodil (+ lycorin alkaloisd, + glycoside) 
Diffenbachia spp (Dumbcane) 
Flamingo flower 
Monstera
Philodendrom
103
Q
  1. Which one is NOT the pathologic sign of the acute fluoride toxicosis?
A

Plethoric spleen

- plethoric liver is sign

104
Q
  1. Yellow staining of the skin and mucous membrane is the symptom of phenoxyacetic acid toxicosis.
A

False
- NITROPHENOLS
CHLOROPHENOLS

105
Q
  1. Which bipyridil compound can cause watery diarrhoea, dermatitis, corneal damage upon direct contact?
A

Diquat

106
Q
  1. The effects of dithiocarbamate include.
A 
Fertility problems
Local irritation 
Inhibition of iodine incorporation
- fungicide 
\+  Peripheral demyelination
Degeneration (skeletal muscle/heart)
Mutagenic, teratogenic, embriotoxic
107
Q
  1. Which substance can be used for binding ethylene glycol in the gasrointestinal tract?
A

Activated charcoal but only minimally and for first 30 mins as rapid absorption from stomach
Tx: Fomepizole/ethanol

108
Q
  1. Fish are not sensitive for pyrethroid poisoning.
A

False

109
Q
  1. In ethylene glycol poisoning, reasons of kidney failure are the acidic metabolites and the calcium-oxalate crystals in approximately same extent
A

True

110
Q
  1. Which are symptoms typical in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
A

Coagulation time increased (possibly icterus),

bleedings

111
Q
  1. This metal can cause chronic toxicosis in sheep and in certain dog breeds such as in Bedlington terrier.
A

Copper

112
Q
  1. Which compound can be detected using Tompsett test?
A

Paraquat = blue

- Na-dithionate

113
Q
  1. This compound reactivates acethylcoline-esterase enzyme.
A

Obidoxime

- + pralidoxime and asoxime

114
Q
  1. Artificial respiration using oxygen or carbogen gas (95% Oxygen / 5% Carbon Dioxide) is useful for both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide poisoning
A

True

  • CO = carbogen
  • CO2 = oxygen
  • Not hydrogen sulfide, only fresh air
115
Q
  1. The cardiotoxic compounds in the snake venom can cause haemolysis, besides of other effects.
A

True

116
Q
  1. What is the pathognomic skin symptom caused by the dioxines toxicosis?
A

Chloracne

117
Q
  1. In case of bromadiolone poisoning, vitamin K should be administered for at least…
A

3 weeks

  • 3-5 mg/kg 14 days
  • 1-2 mg/kg 7 days
  • 1-2 mg/kg every other day 14 days
118
Q

Thorn apple toxin

A

Scopalamine

    • Atropine, + hyosciamine
    • Henbane, Deadly nightshade
119
Q

Potato toxins

A

Solanine (alkaloid)

- + Solanidine (saponin)

120
Q

Hemlock toxin

A

Coniine

121
Q

Wolf’s spurge toxins

A

Euforbic acid
Saponine
esters

122
Q

Euforbic acid

A

Wolf’s purge

Poinsettia

123
Q

Yew toxin

A

taxin

124
Q
  1. Chihuahua is more sensitive for pyrethroids than other dog breeds.
A

False

  • Fish & bee = v. toxic
  • cat = more sensitive
125
Q
  1. Which substance can be used in eyedrops to induce vomiting in cats?
A

Not apomorphine

Not ropirinole

126
Q
  1. What can be the pathology finding of the NSAID’s toxicosis?
A

Interstitial nephritis
Gastric ulcers
No clotted blood

127
Q
  1. Poisonings by anticoagulant rodenticides are one of the most common intentional toxicoses
A

True

128
Q
  1. A 10% NaHCO3 solution should be applied to the external mucous membranes to reduce the harmful effects of acidic toxic gases.
A

False

129
Q
  1. Dimercaprol is a specific antidote to lead poisoning
A

False

- For arsenic and mercury

130
Q
  1. The paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis causes methemoglobinaemia in dogs, this will serve the background of the symptoms.
A

False

  • cats
  • dogs: hepatic necrosis
131
Q
  1. Which antibiotics are forbidden to use in herbivore rodents?
A

Amoxillin, amox-clav, ampicillin, clindamycin, lincomycin

132
Q
  1. The α-latrotoxin is a thermo-sensitive protein.
A 
True 
- Spider venom:  Latrodectus (widow spiders) + Steatoda nobilis
- release of neurotransmitters
(norepinephrine, acetylcholine)
- ascending motor paralysis
- Cats very sensitive
133
Q

Bromadiolone is the inhibitor of vitamin K hydrolase epoxide enzyme.

A

False

- inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase like Brodifacoum

134
Q
  1. Due to inefficient function of glucuronyl transferase, cats are highly sensitive to these substances.
A

NSAIDs

135
Q
  1. Gastro-salivary recirculation is characteristic to theobromine.
A

True

136
Q
  1. This poisoning could lead to hyperthermia.
A

Organophosphate poisoning
Metaldehyde poisoning
NITROPHENOLS
CHLOROPHENOLS

137
Q

Organophosphate poisoning symptoms

A

DUMB SLED

Hyperthermia

138
Q
  1. In case of proven phenobarbital toxicosis the administration of the substance must be discontinued immediately and an alternative anticonvulsant agent should be introduced
A

False

139
Q
  1. Which clincal signs are caused in dogs by the venom of Latrodectus spp?
A

Tonico -clonic convulsion
- + dull muscular pain, hyperesthesia
muscle fasciculation, abdominal muscle rigidity, emesis, dyspnoea, paralysis

140
Q
  1. What is characteristic to Bracken fern toxicosis?
A

Bone marrow damage
Haematuria due to thiaminase
- Ptaquilozid, cyanogenic glycoside = carcinogenic

141
Q
  1. Which clinical signs are caused by Angel’s trumpet?
A

Respiratory paralysis, convulsions

- Atropine, hyosciamine, scopolamine

142
Q

Atropine, hyosciamine, scopolamine

A

Angels trumpet
Deadly nightshade
Henbane
Thorn apple

143
Q
  1. Which pathological alteration is not characteristic in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
A

Demyelinisation of peripheral axons

144
Q

Fusarium spp belongs to?

A

Field mould

145
Q
  1. What are the main pathological findings in chlorine gas toxicosis?
A

Not ulcerative stomatitis
Not the corpse has rotten egg odour
- Hydrogen sulfide = rotten egg
- Chlorine = eye, throat irritation , skin blisters

146
Q
  1. Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
A

Methylene blue

147
Q
  1. What is a pathological characteristic of paraquat poisoning?
A

Pulmonary fibrosis

148
Q
  1. What is characteristic to phenoxyacetic acid derivatives?
A

They can alter the taste of poisonous weeds

149
Q
  1. Which substance is found in Daffodil spp.?
A

Glycosides = scillitoxin
Alkaloids = lycorin
- Ca-oxalate

150
Q
  1. Which antidote is a chelating agent?
A

Calcium disodium EDTA
Deferoxamine
D-penicillamine

151
Q
  1. Which statement is true for methylxanthines?
A

They can cause brain oedema

152
Q
  1. Which of the following is an insect carbamate?
A

Propoxur

153
Q
  1. Which medicine is useful for bronchodilation from this list?
A

Aminophylline

154
Q
  1. Which statement is true for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
A

They don’t cause serious CNS signs
They are excreted primarily in changed form, glucoronidation
They cause decrease platelet aggregation
Cause gastric ulcers
Cause interstitial nephritis
Cause hepatopathy

155
Q
  1. Which is a clinical symptom of metaldehyde poisoning?
A

Ataxia, tremors
Hyperthermia
Transient blindness
- Molluscicide

156
Q

List 3 groups methylxanthines and where each occurs

A

Theobromine: chocolate, cola, tea
Theophylline: bronchodilator
Caffeine: coffee, tea, cola

157
Q

Colourless, strongly irritating gas with characteristic odour

A

Sulphur dioxide: sharp
Ammonium: sharp
Hydrogen sulphide: rotten egg

158
Q

It is produced during the decompostion of organic materials with high Nitrogen content

A

Ammonium

159
Q

It causes acid production on mucosa because because of moist

A

Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Chlorine gas

160
Q

Toxic gas with characteristic colour that is heavier than air

A

Nitrogen dioxide = light brownish
Chlorine gas = yellow/green
- both have bleach smell

161
Q

High amount is produced during silage

A

Nitrogen dioxide

162
Q

Gases heavier than air

A 
Chlorine gas 
Nitrogen dioxide 
Carbon dioxide 
Hydrogen sulphide 
Sulphur dioxide
163
Q

Gases that have bleach like smell

A

Chlorine gas

Nitrogen dioxide

164
Q

Responsible for the activation of the following coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X ?

A

Vitamin k

165
Q

Inactive vitamin K epoxide is reactivated by?

A

Vitamin K epoxide reductase enzyme

166
Q

Vitamin K is inactivated and turned into?

A

Vitmain K epoxide

167
Q

Rodenticides inhibit?

A

vitamin K epoxide reductase

168
Q

Rodenticides can damage?

A

coagulation factor synthesis

169
Q

How do rodenticides cause bleedings?

A

Through capillary endothel damage

170
Q

Rodenticide antidote and dose for small and large animals?

A

Vitamin K can be given as an antidote generally in a dose of 3-5 mg/kg for small animals , while in 0.5-1 mg/kg for large animals

171
Q

Route of administration vitamin k?

A

PO or SC because some of the product causes anaphylactic reaction if given IV

172
Q

Why don’t you give vit k IM? Which is preferred route?

A

Can cause bleeding

PO or SC

173
Q
  1. Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by amphibians?
A

Benzodiazepenes

Atropine

174
Q

This substance is routinely used to enhance urinary elimination of toxic substances.

A

Ringer lactate intravenous infusion

175
Q
  1. Which mechanism of action is characteristic to the aflatoxins?
A

Aflatoxins have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive properties

176
Q
  1. What is not characteristic to anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
A

Severe haemorrhagic enteritis

  • Increased coagulation time (possibly icterus)
  • bleedings (eye, nose, gingiva), haematomas
177
Q
  1. What is characteristic to volatile oils?
A

Chemically versatile group that causes toxicosis only in higher doses

178
Q
  1. Which medicine is useful in the treatment of cyanide poisoning?
A

NaNO2

Na2S2O3

179
Q
  1. Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
A

It causes dilation of blood vessels via nitrogen monoxide liberation

180
Q
  1. Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
A

NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate

181
Q
  1. Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to zinc?
A

It causes haemolytic anemia after absorption

182
Q
  1. Which clinical symptom is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
A

Irritation, drowsiness, nausea, coma, asphyxiation, death

- Rotten egg smell and dark green corpse (metal sulfide saltts)

183
Q
  1. Which of the following mechanisms of effect is characteristic to lead?
A

It binds to the sulfhydryl groups of proteins

184
Q
  1. During the metabolism of organophosphates, the following process causes the increase of the toxicity of the substance?
A

Substitution of sulphur with oxygen

185
Q
  1. Which substance is an alkaloid?
A

Colchicine

  • Autumn crocus 0.8%
  • Salivation, GI symptoms (vomiting, bloody, watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain)
  • Gloriosa spp 0.3%
  • Numb mouth & GI as above, cardiotoxicity,
  • Whole plant, seed, bulb especially
186
Q

Autumn crocus treatment

A

GI decontamination:
emesis/gastric lavage, charcoal, saline purgatives
Symptomatic therapy:
fluid/electrolyte, atropine, demulcents
respiratory stimulants, liver protecting, AB

  • Colchicine (alkaloid)
187
Q

Gloriosa spp treatment

A

GI decontamination
Symptomatic and supportive therapy:
coating drugs, fluid replacement, analgesics, EPO

188
Q

Cyanoglycosides containing plants

A

Ornamentals: Sudan, sorghum spp., Johnson grass, vetch, bean spp, pea spp,

Weeds: Elderberry

Fruits: Bitter almond, flax, prunus spp (apricot)

  • Hydrolysis by enzyme = HCN
189
Q

Henbane, deadly nightshade, thorn apple toxic part

A

Whole plant especially leaves and seeds

- Atropine, scopolamine, hyosciamine

190
Q

Diffenbachia spp. toxic part?

A

Whole plant especially leaves

191
Q

Hemlock toxin and toxic part?

A

Coniine

Young plant, root, seed

192
Q

Larkspur toxin

A

Delphinine

-Whole plant

193
Q

Lily of the Valley toxin

A

Convallatoxin, saponine, volatile oil

194
Q

Lupin toxin and pathological effect?

A 
spartein, lupinine, lupanine
anagirin (teratogenic effect)
tannin, protease inhibitor, lectin
\+ phomopsin 
Hepatogenous photosensitivity
195
Q

Potato part of plant toxic?

A

Whole plant especially berry

196
Q

Yew, part of plant toxic?

A

Entire plant except red seed coat

197
Q

Lily of the valley part of plant

A

Flowers and leaves

198
Q

Sweet clover toxin, part, animal, effect

A

Coumarin = methylene-bis-oxycoumarin
Whole plant
Cows
Coagulopathy

199
Q

Rhododendron toxin, effect

A

Grayanotoxin = andromedotoxin
Entire plant especially honey = mad honey
Bradycardia, CNS (tremors, convulsions)
Na-channel, delayed depolarization

200
Q

Which plants have coumarin glycoside?

A

Hydrangea spp = hydrangin

- GI

201
Q

T-2 toxin (all species)

A

GI tract

202
Q

Ochratoxin (su)

A

Urinary tract

203
Q

Zearalenone (su)

A

Reproductive organs

204
Q

Fumonisin (eq)

A

Nervous system

- leukencephalomalacia (rare in pigs)

205
Q

Satratoxin (eq)

A

GI tract

206
Q

Aflatoxin (all species)

A

Liver

207
Q

Ergoline alkaloids (eq,ov)

A

Nervous system

208
Q

Fumonisin (su)

A

Lung

- pulmonary oedema

209
Q

Slaframine (and swainsonine)

A

Slobbers

Salivation, lacrimation

210
Q

Ergot alkaloids, which part and which species most affected?

A

Ear of corn, seed (rye/other cereal/grass)

Cattle, poultry (horse, sheep)

211
Q

Groundsel and ragweed toxin and effect?

A

pyrrolizidine alkaloid: Retrorzin, riddelin, jakobin

Liver damage, hepatogenous photosensitivity & CNS (hepatic encephalopathy)

212
Q

Ergopeptine alkaloids

A

ergotamine, ergocristine

213
Q

Poison ingesting:

A

Shellfish (from dinoflagellate)
Danaus butterfly
Polar bear (from seal)

214
Q

Poison producing:

A

Fish
Amphibians
Millipedes (Chilognathia)

Toxicology (1 decks)

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