Past Questions Flashcards
(33 cards)
Put in the correct order the intermediates of cholesterol synthesis:
a. Mevalonate
b. Cholesterol
c. Lanosterol
d. Squalene
e. HMG-CoA
f. Acetyl–CoA
g. Farnesyl
h. Genernyl
i. IPP
1- Acetyl–CoA
2- HMG-CoA
3- Mevalonate
4- IPP
5- Geranyl
6- Farnesyl
7- Squalene
8- Lanosterol
9- Cholesterol
Which of the reactions of the TCA cycle are reversible?
a. Isocitrate DH
b. Aconitase reaction
c. Succinyl-CoA Synthase
d. Malate DH
e. Fumarate Hydratase
f. Citrate Synthase
b. Aconitase reaction
c. Succinyl-CoA Synthase
d. Malate DH
e. Fumarate Hydratase
Photo of a phospholipid with on the C3 a glucose molecule attached - recognize the structure. [2 answers correct]
a. Phospholipid
b. Sphingolipid
c. Cerebroside
d. DAG
e. MAG
f. Glycolipid
g. Others…
c. Cerebroside
f. Glycolipid
Which of the following aa are degraded to ɑ-KG?
a. Leucine
b. Aspartate
c. Histidine
d. Proline
e. Alanine
f. Arginine
g. Glycine
h. Glutamine
c. Histidine
d. Proline
f. Arginine
h. Glutamine
What is the net energy cost of the synthesis of Palmitate (counting also malonyl-CoA synthesis)
a. 7 ATP + 7 NADPH
b. 8 ATP + 8 NADPH
c. 7 ATP + 14 NADPH
d. 8 ATP + 18 NADPH
c. 7 ATP + 14 NADPH
Put in the correct order the FA Synthesis enzymes:
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Fatty Acid Synthase Complex:• Thioesterase (TE)
• β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (KS)
• β-Hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydratase (DH)
• Malonyl/acetyltransferase (MAT)
• β-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (KR)
• Enoyl-ACP Reductase (ER)
• Thioesterase (TE)
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Fatty Acid Synthase Complex:• Malonyl/acetyltransferase (MAT)
• β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase (KS)
• β-Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase (KR)
• β-Hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydratase (DH)
• Enoyl-ACP Reductase (ER)
• Thioesterase (TE)
Arrange in order the following redox couples from the most negative to the most positive:
a. NAD / NADH
b. Q / QH
c. FAD / FADH₂
d. Cytochrome of complex IV
e. FMN of complex I
f. Heme cytochrome C
1- NAD / NADH
2- FMN of complex I
3- FAD / FADH₂
4- Q / QH
5- Heme cytochrome C
6- Cytochrome of complex IV
Which statement about adiponectin is false:
a. It stimulates AMPK
b. It acts thru G-Protein coupled receptors
c. It dampens the effects of insulin on several organs
d. It signals insufficient storage of fats
e. It induces the release of FA from the adipose tissue
e. It induces the release of FA from the adipose tissue
What is the role of enzymes in thermodynamics? [more than one]
a. Lowering the activation energy
b. Lowering the k₁
c. Highering the k₁
d. Lowering the kcat
a. Lowering the activation energy
c. Highering the k₁
Put in order the FAO steps:
a. Hydroxylation of the Cɑ-Cβ bond
b. Dehydration of the Cɑ-Cβ bond
c. Creation of the double bond between Cɑ-Cβ
d. Release of one Acetyl-CoA
1- Creation of the double bond between Cɑ-Cβ
2- Hydroxylation of the Cɑ-Cβ bond
3- Dehydration of the Cɑ-Cβ bond
4- Release of one Acetyl-CoA
Put in order the FAS steps:
a. Malonyl-CoA loses 1 C
b. Double bond is reduced
c. Ketone group more distal to ACP is reduced
d. Aldehyde is dehydrated
e. Growing acyl chain is transferred on the KS active site
1- Growing acyl chain is transferred on the KS active site
2- Malonyl-CoA loses 1 C
3- Ketone group more distal to ACP is reduced
4- Aldehyde is dehydrated
5- Double bond is reduced
Match the correct phospholipase to the cleavage site [photo of TAG being removed at C2, more than one option]
a. Phospholipase A₁
b. Phospholipase A₂
c. Phospholipase B
d. Phospholipase C
e. Phospholipase D
b. Phospholipase A₂
Put the following fuels of our body in order based on which are used before.
a. Dietary glucose
b. Ketone bodies
c. Glucose from gluconeogenesis
d. Glucose from glycogenolysis
e. FA
1- Dietary glucose
2- Glucose from glycogenolysis
3- Glucose from gluconeogenesis
4- FA
5- Ketone bodies
ATP synthase: (2 Correct)
a. Is a F-type enzyme
b. Is a V-type enzyme
c. It uses 3 protons to produce one ATP
d. It uses 4 protons to produce 1 ATP
a. Is a F-type enzyme
d. It uses 4 protons to produce 1 ATP
The krebs bicycle - what statements are true about it:
a. It uses citrate from cytoplasm to reduce the energy cost of the urea cycle
b. It is possible thanks to the malate-aspartate IMM transporter
c. It uses malate from cytoplasm to reduce the energy cost of the urea cycle
d. It uses arginine from OAA transamination to feed the urea cycle
e. It uses aspartate from the OAA transamination to feed the urea cycle
b. It is possible thanks to the malate-aspartate IMM transporter
c. It uses malate from cytoplasm to reduce the energy cost of the urea cycle
e. It uses aspartate from the OAA transamination to feed the urea cycle
What is the yield for each FAO cycle?
a. 1 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 acetyl-coA
b. 2 NADH, 1 acetyl-coA
c. 2 FADH2, 1 acetyl-coA
d. 1 NADH, 1 ATP, 1 acetyl-coA
e. 1 FADH2, 1 acetyl-coA
a. 1 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 acetyl-coA
What is true about the aconitase reaction?
a. It is useful to invert the the hydroxyl and proton b. It is useful to swap the C3 and C1 groups
c. It produces NADH
d. It uses NADH
e. It can produce Citrate
f. It produces Isocitrate
a. It is useful to invert the the hydroxyl and proton
e. It can produce Citrate
f. It produces Isocitrate
Which of the following statements about the oxidative branch of PPP is true?
a. The reaction catalyzed by Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase produces a 5C structure
b. The reaction catalyzed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase produces a 5C structure
c. 2 NADPH are produced for every G6P molecule
d. 2 NADH are produced for every G6P molecule
b. The reaction catalyzed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase produces a 5C structure
c. 2 NADPH are produced for every G6P molecule
Write if glucagon INHIBITS / PROMOTES / DOES NOT AFFECT the following enzymes:
a. acetyl-CoA carboxylase
b. Pyruvate kinase
c. Glycogen phosphorylase
d. Hormone-sensitive lipase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase - Inhibits
Pyruvate kinase - Inhibits
Glycogen phosphorylase - Promotes
Hormone-sensitive lipase - Promotes
Write which is the effect that mTOR has on the following processes: [inhibits / promotes / does not affect]
a. Glycolysis
b. Autophagy
c. Cell proliferation
d. Cell migration
e. Fat breakdown
f. Protein translation
Glycolysis - Promotes
Autophagy - Inhibits
Cell proliferation - Promotes
Cell migration - Promotes
Fat breakdown - Inhibits
Protein translation - Promotes
Put in the correct order the steps of Heme degradation
a. Oxidation to Biliverdin
b. Reduction to Bilirubin and entrance into the bloodstream
c. Transfer in the liver and transformation into Bilirubin Diglucuronide catalyzed by Glucuronyl bilirubin transferase
d. Transport in blood as complex with serum albumin
e. Bilirubin in the bile (green color, reoxidation to Biliverdin)
f. Transformation into urobilinogen
g. Secretion and elimination in the urine in the form of urobilinin
h. Secretion and elimination in the feces in the form of stercobilin
1- Oxidation to Biliverdin
2- Reduction to Bilirubin and entrance into the bloodstream
3- Transport in blood as complex with serum albumin
4- Transfer in the liver and transformation into Bilirubin Diglucuronide catalyzed by Glucuronyl bilirubin transferase
5- Bilirubin in the bile (green color, reoxidation to Biliverdin)
6- Transformation into urobilinogen
7- Secretion and elimination in the urine in the form of urobilinin
8- Secretion and elimination in the feces in the form of stercobilin
Put in orders the intermediates of the non oxidative branch of PPP:
a. ribulose-5-P
b. xylulose-5-P
c. sedoheptulose-7-P
d. erythrose-4-P
e. fructose-6-P (from the transketolase reaction)
1- ribulose-5-P
2- xylulose-5-P
3- sedoheptulose-7-P
4- erythrose-4-P
5- fructose-6-P (from the transketolase reaction)
Match SAM, THF or Biotin to the following types of reaction:
a. Methylation of DNA
b. Carboxylation
c. Glycine oxidation
a. Methylation of DNA - SAM
b. Carboxylation - Biotin
c. Glycine oxidation - THF
Which of the following statements about Creatine is false?
a. It is made of glycine and arginine
b. It is make of glycine and Succinyl-CoA
c. It is synthesize in all cells
d. It is a buffer of acyl groups
e. It is a buffer of phosphate groups
b. It is make of glycine and Succinyl-CoA
c. It is synthesize in all cells
d. It is a buffer of acyl groups
