Path Flashcards
(31 cards)
Ozone
Sunlight + car exhaust
Makes free radicals that injure the lungs
Air particles - threat
Particles <10micro grams get deep into lungs, are phagocytosed leading to inflammation
Effects of lead on the brain (adults and kids)
Adult - headaches, memory loss
Kids - encephalopathy, mental retardation
Signs of lead poisoning in the blood
Anemia, basophilic stippling, zinc protoporphyrin accumulation
Why does lead cause anemia
Impaired iron incorporation into heme, increased fragility of red cells
Lead effects on bones
Competes with calcium
Forms radio dense deposits at epiphyseal plates in kids
Inhibits fracture healing
Source of peripheral nerve damage in lead toxicity
Demylination
Results of heavy mercury poisoning in utero
Cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness
Most toxic forms of arsenic are _________.
Trivalent
Cause of death in arsenic toxicity
Interference with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation –> GI, CV, CNS disturbances
Result of chronic exposure to arsenic
Hyperpigmentation and keratosis
May be followed by basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma on palms and soles
Cadmium exposure results in
Obstructive lung disease, renal toxicity, and skeletal abnormalities from calcium loss (ie osteoporosis)
Source of fatty liver in chronic alcohol use
Toxic effects of alcohol metabolism: decrease NAD+ and increased NADH results in fat accumulation in liver because NAD+ is required for fatty acid oxidation.
Features of fetal alcohol syndrome
Microcephaly, growth retardation, facial abnormalities, mental retardation
Oral contraceptives are associated with this rare tumor
Hepatic adenoma
Acetaminophen is metabolized to _________, which can cause _____________.
NAPQI
Centrilobular necrosis
Mechanism of injury produced by NAPQI
1) Covalent binding to hepatic proteins
2) Depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) which leaves cells susceptible to ROS
Treatment for acetaminophen overdose
N-acetylcysteine
Aspirin overdose results in
Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
Chronic use of aspirin is called?
Symptoms
Salicylism
Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, decreased hearing, confusion, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Ulceration and bleeding
Cocaine overdose symptoms
Seizures, arrhythmias, respiratory arrest
Cocaine toxicity
Tachycardia, HTN, peripheral vasoconstriction, myocardial ischemia
Hyperpyrexia
Chronic cocaine use results in
Perforated septum, decreased lung diffusing capacity, dilated cardiomyopathy
Cocaine metabolite in blood
Benzoylecgonine
