Path Flashcards
1
Q
What causes endocarditis and glomerulonephritis?
A
Lupus
2
Q
2 tooth infections that can kill you
A
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis & Ludwigs angina
3
Q
What causes changes in the ear and eye and ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA
A
Treacher Collins Syndrome
4
Q
Scarlet Fever is strawberry TONGUE and affects ____ papillae.
A
fungiform
5
Q
Are fordyce granules uni or bilateral?
A
Bilateral
6
Q
Turner Tooth is known as ___plastic. Most commonly involved site:
A
Hypo
Mandibular PM
7
Q
Tx for recurrent aphthous stomatitis
A
Corticosteriod
8
Q
What affects the skin and eye and causes a subepithelial split.
A
Pemhigoid
9
Q
What causes positive Nikolsky sign
A
Pemphigus
10
Q
What is classic for HPV
A
Condyloma Acuminatum (venereal wart)
11
Q
Which candidiasis is accute?
A
Pseudomembranous
12
Q
Median rhomboid glossitis causes atrophy of ____ papillae
A
filiform
13
Q
Ulcer in NON-MOVABLE area (palate and gingiva) is
A
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
14
Q
Most common area for Traumatic Neuroma
A
Mental Nerve
15
Q
Is Pyogenic Granuloma painful?
A
NO
16
Q
What are the 3 P’s that cause lesions on gingiva
A
Pyogenic Granuloma
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
17
Q
What causes liver colored (brownish purple) mass on gingiva?
A
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
18
Q
What has cauliflower appearance on epithelium (most common benign neoplasm of epithelium origin). Can be induced by HPV 6 + 11
A
Squamous Papilloma
19
Q
Fibroma is ___plasia
A
HYPER
20
Q
#1 site for Granular Cell Tumor? Exhibits: psuedoepitheliomatous \_\_\_\_plasia
A
Dorsum of tongue
-HYPER
21
Q
If you have a whit plaque after 2 weeks that doesn’t wipe off, it’s:
-Premalignant?
A
Leukoplakia
-Yes!
22
Q
Does cytology smear work for leukoplakia?
A
NO! need biopsy
23
Q
Erthroplakia is likely to transform into:
A
Carcinoma. BAD!
24
Q
Most common oral site of SCC:
Worst area to see it:
A
Mid-lateral border of tongue
-floor of mouth
25
Most common site of Metastatic Disease of the jaws?
- Does it cause tooth shift?
- Does radiograph show [sclerotic] border?
Posterior mandible
- NO
- NO
26
Monomorphic Adenoma most common site
Upper lip
27
Pt has red, swollen (hyperplastic), bleeding gingiva (interdental papilla) with ulcers...
Leukemia
28
Verrucous Carcinoma most common site?
| -Biggest difference from SCC?
Buccal vestibule
| -Doesn't metastasize
29
Most common gene of SCC
p53
30
Most common benign salivary gland tumor:
| Most common Malignant salivary gland tumor:
Pleomorphic Adenoma
| -Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
31
Lateral Periodontal Cyst is a TRUE cyst. Is it between vital teeth?
Yes
32
Most common odontogenic tumor
Ameloblastoma
33
Ameloblastoma is most common:
Does it cross midline?
-Often associated with:
-Histology***
Odontogenic tumor
- Yes
- impacted tooth
- Reverse polarization of nuclei of the tall COLUMNAR cells of the periphery
34
What causes more pain -- ameloblastoma or ameloblastic fibroma
Ameloblastic fibroma
35
Odontoma is what age range?
| -Radiographically looks like:
First 2 decades of life
| -Toothlets (a bunch of little white stones)
36
Teenage girls has impacted upper canine with snowflake calcifications
AOT (Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor)
37
What's it called when enamel is missing?
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
38
What causes opalescent (blue grey) sclera, lack of pulp chambers and bell shaped crown
Dentinogensis Imperfecta
39
Young kid has unilateral expansion of maxilla or mandible onset before puberty. Pt also has Cafe au Lait pigmentation and ground glass appearance on x-ray
Fibrous Dysplasia
40
Difference of Cherubism and Fibrous Dysplasia?
Fibrous is unilateral
41
Pt has non-vital tooth with radioopacity at apex (that does NOT connect with root)
Condensing Osteitis (NOT cementoblastoma which connects to root)
42
Tooth is VITAL and has radioopacity at apex
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis
43
Tramatic Bone Cyst is radio____ with ____ margins
lucent
| scalloped
44
Increased alkaline phophatase causes
Pagets
45
Bilateral maxilla affected with cotton wool appearance and histology shows mosaic pattern. 50% show hypercementosis
Pagets
46
How is pagets different than cherubism
Pagets is older people. Cherubism stops after puberty
47
What causes tooth "floating"
Langerhans Cells Disease (Histiocytosis X)
48
Does nasolabial cyst affect bone?
NO, just soft tissue
49
Pale, yellowish, well circumscribed sweeling on ventral tongue/floor of mouth
Lymphoepithelial cyst
50
What infrabony cyst in posterior mandible has a parakertain surface and HIGH recurrence
Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)
51
Gorlin Syndrome includes what 3 things:
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinomas, OKCs, bifid RIB
52
What causes bifid rib, and calcification of falx cerebri?
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrom (Gorlin Syndrome)
53
What syndrome causes multiple skin nodules, HYPERdontia (unerupted teeth), and GI polyps
Gardner Syndrome
54
Bell's Palsy causes __ nerve paralysis. How long does it last?
7th
| -less than a month
55
Erythema Multiforme causes bullseyes in what age/sex?
- Triggered by?
- Which part of mouth does it NOT affect
Young males
- Drug or viral infection
- Gingiva
56
Stevens Johnson syndrome is a severe version of:
Erythema Multiforme
57
Which affects basement membrane (deep) -- pemphigoid or pemphigus.
pemphigoiD (D for DEEP)
58
Most common Immunoglobulin for Pemphigus?
IgG
59
What causes wideining of PDL space and Trismus
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Sclerodema)
60
Benign Migratory Glossitis (geographic tongue) causes atrophy to ____ papillae.
-Tx?
filliform
| -Corticosteroid rinse (dexamethasone)
61
Painless ulcer of UPPER lip with raised margins. Does NOT occur intraorally.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
62
Does basal cell carcinoma usually metastasize?
NO
63
Where is an Antral (mucous retention) Pseudocyst located?
Maxillary sinus
64
Proliferation of the Reduced Enamel Epithelium cause:
Dentigerous Cyst
65
Can dentigerous cyst become malignant?
YES (unicystic ameloblastoma)
66
What are blue dilated veins seen in the elderly called?
Varices
67
What can tuberculosis cause orally?
Ulcers that mimic cancer
68
Eagle Syndrom is elongation or calcification of the ____ ligament.
-So it causes pain when:
stylohyoid
| -chewing, yawning, opening mouth
69
What has a striking unilateral distribution?
Herpes ZOSTER
70
What causes sore throat, lymphadenopathy, malaise, low grade fever?
Primary Herpes Gingivostomatitis
71
How does Crohns appear in the mouth?
Granulomatous gingivitis, aphthous-like ulcers
72
Which cyst on the MIDLINE has a DOUGHY consistency?
Dermoid Cyst --- Dermoid Doughy
73
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome causes what orally?
multiple neuromas on tongue
74
What is the most common developmental NON-odontogenic cyst?
| -What shape is it radiographically?
Incisive Canal Cyst
| -heart
75
What causes White Sponge Nevus?
| -Does it affect the eyes?
Genetics -- autosomal dominant
| -NO!
76
Best x-ray for cleft palate?
Maxillary occlusal
77
What causes intense pain for one week on ONE side at forehead and around eye?
Neuritis
78
What is Cheilitis Grandularis?
| -Premaligannt?
inflamed minor salivary glands on lips causing mucous secretions
-yes! (SCC)
79
White, rough plaque on lateral border of tongue that shows HIV patient progressing to AIDS ?
-What virus is it caused by?
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
| -Epstein-Barr Virus
80
Middle aged black woman has multifocal periaplical radiolucencies on vital lower anterior teeth
Periapical Cemento-osseous dysplasia
81
What age and sex is most common for Lichen Planus?
Middle aged women
82
Wickham's striae that does NOT wipe off
Lichen Planus
83
Is Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma in bone?
NO! In soft tissue, but makes bone. It's one of the 3 P's on the gingiva
84
Cleidocranial Dysplasia has what affect on number of teeth and eruption timing?
-Retention of:
Multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth.
-primary teeth
85
Neurofibromatosis causes neurofibromas where?
| -Causes what skin pigmentation?
Tongue
| -Cafe au Lait
86
What causes ghost cells?
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
87
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy causes increase in:
vanillymandelic acid (VMA)
88
Auriculotemporal syndrome causes what before eating?
| -Often after which surgery?
Sweating of one side of face
| -parotid gland surgery
89
Starch Iodine test would be used to diagnose:
Auriculotemporal Syndrome
90
What causes soft tissue swelling with "woody" consistency and multiple draining fistulas with SULFUR granules?
Actinomycosis
91
Most common site for dens-in-dente
maxillary lateral incisor
92
Ectodermal Dysplasia has what affect on teeth?
Hypodontia (anodontia)
93
What is Epulis Fissuratum?
Hyperplastic CT from ill-fitting denture
94
Gingival cyst of the adult is most common where
mandibular anterior
95
Most common cause of macroglossia (large tongue)
lymphangioma
96
Hypercementosis is on a (vital/non-vital) mandibular 1st molar.
-Generalized if you have:
VITAL
| -acromegaly
97
Infectious Mononucleosis causes swelling where?
| -Associated with which virus
cervical/lateral swelling
| -Epstein-Barr
98
Which type of nevus is most likely to undergo malignant transformation (melanoma)
Junctional type
99
Karposi's Sarcome is caused by:
| -Most common site
Herpes virus type 8
| -hard palate
100
Keratoacanthoma is caused by:
- Does it resolve?
- What's in thecenter of the ulceration?
Sun
- Spontaneously resolves
- Keratin plug
101
Where is Warthin's tumor located?
Parotid (NOT in oral cavity)
102
Does Vit C deficiency cause xerostomia?
NO
103
Stafne Defect is caused by?
salivary gland in x ray (nothing to treat)
104
Sjogrens Syndrome is an ____ disease
autoimmune
105
Sarcoidoisis causes:
| -tx:
Bilateral hilar lympadenopathy (chest x-ray)
| -corticosterois
106
Proliferative Periostitis causes what pattern radiographically?
Onion skin
107
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome causes:
pigmented (brown) macules and intestinal polyps
108
Young person with tingling lower lip probably has:
Osteosarcoma
109
Most common malignancy in bone in people less than 25 yrs old
Osteosarcoma
110
What does decrease in serum estrogen and calcium cause?
Osteoporosis
111
What is OsteoPETROSIS?
| -Frequent complication:
Massive OVERproduction of dense, non-vital bone.
| -Osteomyelitis
112
Most common site for osteoma
Angle of mandible
113
Most common oral sites of malignant melanoma
hard palate and gingiva
114
What causes punched out lucencies of bone of the whole skull
Multiple Myeloma
115
Odontogenic Myxoma radiographic pattern:
Soap bubble
116
Oncocytoma is a tumor of:
parotid gland
117
What controls contrast/penetration of x-ray machine?
| -What controls intensity?
kVP
| -MA
118
Local Anesthetics we use now are which group?
Amide (NOT ester)
119
Amide LA's (what we use) are metabolized by:
Liver
120
Prilocaine toxicity can cause:
methemoglobinemia
121
Local Anesthetics work by preventing generation of nerve impulses by PREVENTING the transport of _____ into the neuron -- which prevents an action potential
Sodium (Na+)
122
What is the only form of LA that can penetrate tissue membranes?
NON-ionized (free base)
123
Which penicillin has best gram-NEGATIVE spectrum
ampicillin
124
Which one is NOT cross allergic with penicillin: cephalosporins, ampicillin, erythromycin
erythromycin
125
Which penicillin is useful against penicillinase-producing bugs such as STAPH?
dicloxacillin
126
Bacteriocidal agents (penicillin) MOA:
inhibit cell wall synthesis
127
Bacteriostatic agents (tetracycline) MOA:
interfere with protein synthesis
128
Antifungals (nystatin) MOA:
Bind to ergosterol in fungal cell walls to weaken wall
129
Which antibiotic produces GI upset and colitis (c. difficile)?
Clindamycin
130
Which antiobiotic causes liver damage (hepatotoxicity)
Tetracyclines
131
What effect do broad spectrum antibiotics have on coumadin anticoagulants?
ENHANCE! because of reduction of vit k sources
132
Why is penicillin Vk given for oral infections and NOT penicillin G
It's less sensitive to acid degradation (more reliable oral absorption) -- G has to given IM
133
Are cephaplosporins (Anything with CEPH... like cephalexin) cross-allergenic to penicillin?
YES! (erythromycin is ok)
134
Which antibiotic is able to achieve a higher concentration in bone than in serum? (aka good for treating osteomyelitis)
Clindamycin
135
Why can't you take antiobiotics together that are cidal and static (ie penicillin + tetracycline)
they can't do their job while the other is working
136
Penicillin is NOT broad spectrum so it WON'T cause ______.
| -Which antibiotic WILL cause superinfection?
superinfection
| -tetracycline
137
Are tetracyclines for gram - or +?
BOTH! BROAD spectrum
138
Quinidine is a drug to treat:
| -Works by increasing:
arrhythmias
| -Increasing refractory period of cardiac muscles
139
Besides nitroglycerin, what can be used for angina?
propranolol
140
Diuretic drugs work by:
DECREASING renal reABSORBTION of sodium (so it doesn't reabsorb sodium and you pee it out)
141
NSAIDS (aspirin) MOA for...
- Analgesic effects:
- Antipyretic effects:
- Bleeding time:
- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamic temp regulation center
- inhibits thromboxane A2 synthesis preventing platelet synth
142
Which hurts liver (hepatotoxic) aspirin or acetaminophen?
ACETAMINOPHEN (why it's limited in norco)
143
What's the DOC for a child with a fever?
| -Which causes Reyes syndrome?
Acetaminophen
| -aspirin
144
Which nsaid produces less GI disturbance than aspirin
Ibuprofen (NOT acetaminophen only cuz it's not an nsaid)
145
What treats opioid overdose?
| -What's used to help morphine addicts?
Naloxone
| -Methadone
146
Opioids MOA:
Bind to specific receptors (mu receptors) in the CNS
147
What drug is used to prevent laryngospasm?
succinylcholine
148
What effect does atropine/scopolamine have salivary secretions?
-on the heart?
- decreases
| - tachycardia (blocks VAGAL reflex control of heart rate)
149
Alpha or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs act by:
Competitive inhibition of postjunctional adrenergic receptors
150
A drug that produces the greatest MAXIMUM EFFECT is one with the highest _____
efficiacy
151
Benzodiazepam MOA:
modulate GABA
152
Do barbiturates possess analgesic properties?
NO
153
Which drug reverses the effects of benzodiazepam?
Flumazenil
154
Antidepressants and antipsycotics MOA
Blockage of dopaminergic sites in the brain
155
Steroids cause ulcers where?
Gastric
156
General anesthesia is more rapid if it is (more/less) soluble in blood
LESS (doesn't dissolve in blood, and goes to where it needs to)
157
Bisphosphonate MOA:
INHIBIT osteoclast
