Path Flashcards

Question

Anoxia

Answer 1

absence of oxygen

Answer 2

deficiency of oxygen

Answer 3

platelet deposition

Answer 4

fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin

Answer 5

foreign body in the blood that travels

Answer 6

nuetrophils and monocytes squeeze through the walls of blood vessels

Answer 7

Movement of WBC against the gradient of a avrety of tissue damage products

Answer 8

accomplished through neurtophils and macrophages

Answer 9

adhesion of leukocytes the the endothelial lining of blood vessels

Answer 10

calcification into normal tissue as a result of too much vitmnin D as a result calcium deposits

Answer 11

calcification of dmaged tissue athtloma

Answer 12

Deposition of particles in the lung

Answer 13

silica (rocks of glass) in sandblasting seen in sandblaster quarry rock loans

Answer 14

asbestos leads to mesothelioma --> Is malignant

Answer 15

cotton dust called Brown lung

Answer 16

Fibers- aircraft manufacturing

Answer 17

Black lung disease from Miners (coal)

Answer 18

san jaunin valley fever

Answer 19

Missisippi OH fever

Answer 20

1. Hutchinson's teeth- notched permanent incisors 2. Rhagades - fissures and cracks at the end of the mouth 3> saddle nose deformity - bridge of nose deformity 4. Sabre blade tibia 5. Interstitial kerrititis produces visual changes. This also can be associated with deafness.

Answer 21

hard, singular painless nodule on perineum Known as a Shanke

Answer 22

maculopapular rash and condylomata lata (flat | warts on the vulva

Answer 23

Mayor may not have symptoms

Answer 24

Neuro syphilis

Answer 25

maculopapular rash and condylomata lata (flat | warts on the vulva

Answer 26

Mayor may not have symptoms

Answer 27

Tabes dorsalis aortic anerrism argyl roberson pupil - prosotutes pupil Gummas neucrosis in body tissue

Answer 28

soft chanceroid painful caused by-Hemophilus ducrey

Answer 29

gram negative diploccus causing burnign in the urine with yellow green pus in the urine can produce arthtits in the knee

Answer 30

chlamydia is the organism produces rectal strictures Dx: frei test

Answer 31

red nodules in ingual area

Answer 32

purulents vaginal dischagre -- green frothy protzoan

Answer 33

foul smelling discharge. Clue cells

Answer 34

trouble swallowing

Answer 35

due to anatomicallyshortened esophagus

Answer 36

outpouching in the intestine. Usually I :Lower left quadrant of the abdomen descending and sigmoid colon

Answer 37

Twisting of an organ around the lungs axis

Answer 38

telescoping of intestine onto itself

Answer 39

intolerance to gluten on gluten free diet is how your

Answer 40

regional ileitis - seen in young people affects the distal colon produces skip lesions

Answer 41

Congenital megacolon. Absence of the myenteric plexus

Answer 42

Patholigcials intestianals changes ulcers, bloody diarhea complications produce toxic megacolon descending sigmid colon

Answer 43

spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea . stress | related

Answer 44

Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire | GI tract

Answer 45

affect coal miners / nodules in lungs

Answer 46

RA with splenomegaly

Answer 47

alpha - anti - trypsin - disease - deficiency

Answer 48

ostetis defromisn - producued thcickeing and defromity of the bone MEN over <50 Cortical thickening PAtholigical is the osteocalstic

Answer 49

a form of juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 50

aka paralysis agitans problems with dopaminein th ebasal cell ganglia. Inclusiosn bodies called LeWY bodies PAtient has masked face stopped posture resting tremor festinating gait (shufflinf gait )

Answer 51

Demyelinizationand plaguing of the SC or brain Charcot's triad scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus. Characterized by exacerbations and remissions.

Answer 52

scanning speech, intention tremor and nystagmus. Characterized by exacerbations and remissions.

Answer 53

Formationof antibodiesthat block the ACH receptorsat the myoneuraljunctionproducingexcess cholinesterase thymic enlargement causes progressiove weakness and fatigue FIRST starts with the occular muscles - especially with fatigued

Answer 54

Lou Gherigs disease Contical spinal tracts affects with no sensory loss UMNL in lower limbs LMNL in upper limbs

Answer 55

combined system disease results in pernicious anemia DUE to B12 anaemia

Answer 56

cyst formation loss of pain and temperature cape like distributions

Answer 57

congential brain stem through the foramen magnum

Answer 58

Heredity onset 30-50 basal ganglia ( of caudate nucleus ) affected defiicnty of GABA produces dementia and death chromosoem #4 is afected

Answer 59

progressive serve atrophy of the cerebral cortex ACH decrease

Answer 60

lesions and sclerosis of the spinocerebaelar tract

Answer 61

Pyloneuritis of PNS. seen follwoing immunizations and producesan ascending paralysis. Can be fatal~/~ If it affects the ******Anterior horn)it producesI *****LMN If it affects the brain stem, then cranial nerves are affected and the breathing apparatus may be damaged

Answer 62

Alcoholic psychosis. Depletion of thiamine due | to severe alcoholism

Answer 63

Hereditary progressive peroneal muscle atrophy

Answer 64

dushenes musclar dystropy of the claves usually boys 3-7 recessive linked gene recessive linked gene perineal and anterior tibialais msucles affected

Answer 65

protein malnutrition

Answer 66

calorie malnutrition, includes protein

Answer 67

Inborn error of copper metabolism. "keiser fleisher rings of the iris

Answer 68

decrease due to a posterior pituitary results in dehydration *****

Answer 69

decrease production of insulin of beta cells of the pancrease (islet and langerhans ) productions of polydysia , polyuria , polyphagia 1. usually myocardial infarct 2. Renal failure

Answer 70

muscle replaced to fat

Answer 71

in the eyes neuovascularization

Answer 72

45 XO Female short stature webbed neck lack female secondary sex characteristics

Answer 73

Trisomy 21 chromosome Male or female Mental retardation flat hypo plastic face Sinuses crease of the palm

Answer 74

Is the most common forma of mental retardation involving a 2 X chromosomes and one or more Y chromosome

Answer 75

cannot convert phenyalanine to tyrosine due to a lack of phenyalanine hydrolase ***** retardation can be controlled by diet if caught early

Answer 76

lack of enzymes to break down glycogen excessive amounts of glycognen found in the liver

Answer 77

increase gangliosides found in the brain (glycophinoilipid) *** hexosaminidase deficiency **** Cherry spots in the macula ***Infant death

Answer 78

excess glucocrebrocide in the brain , liver and spleen

Answer 79

increased Galactocrebroside in white matter

Answer 80

abnormal increase in sphingomyelinase decrease in shingomylinase

Answer 81

accumulation of hemogensisits acid , blue black deposotus in the ears Produces *** ochonochrosis which is clacification of the the discs of the spine ** Build up of tyrosine

Answer 82

seen mostly in boys 3-7 years of age produces hypertrophy in the calf muscles ** recessive linked gene /Waddling gait INCREASE in CPK (mean the muscles are dying )

Answer 83

Trisomy 18

Answer 84

white patches of muscosa that cant be scatched off

Answer 85

tumors of all 3 layers

Answer 86

tumor of the glandular tissue

Answer 87

cancer of the stomach thats metastasizes to the ovary

Answer 88

mixed tumor of the kidney in children

Answer 89

tumor of smooth muscle | fibroids in the uterus

Answer 90

Tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

Answer 91

Most common bone cancer in children

Answer 92

most common malignancy in adults Bence jones and routoe formation

Answer 93

most common tumor in the spine

Answer 94

fatty tumor

Answer 95

benign tumor of the blood vessels

Answer 96

Yellow tumor of connective tissue

Answer 97

bengin tumor of cartilage

Answer 98

associated with warts HPV-16

Answer 99

cancer of the testies - most common

Answer 100

Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes due to | metastasis usually in the GI tract

Answer 101

60% increased in acute ****bacterial~infections *Acute inflamation

Answer 102

30% increased in viral conditions *Chronic iinflamation

Answer 103

increase in chronic conditions changes in phagocytes

Answer 104

parasitesand allergies *reduce anti histamines

Answer 105

similar to mast cells ... produce heparin and histamines increase blood disorders

Answer 106

1. Hsitmine 2. Heparin 3. Serotonin 4. Badykinin

Answer 107

B. Transforms to a plasma cell

Answer 108

T. Matures in the thymus 1. Helper: activates B 2. Suppressor: decreases antibody production 3. Killer: kills foreign agents EX: transplant rejection

Answer 109

1. antigen enters - proceeds by macophages 2. Pahgocytosed by macropahges aka antigen presenting cell by Cd4 cells 3. Exposes antigen to B cells and T helper cells 4. T cells make sure that B cells react 5. Plasma cells make anitbodies forming the immune complex

Answer 110

CD8 cells which are killer cells

Answer 111

thickening, calcification and loss of elasticity | of the arterial walls

Answer 112

deposition of fatty plaques (atheroma) This is a form of arteriosclerosis

Answer 113

tunica media**** of ****medium sized arteries calcified

Answer 114

in the circle of Willis, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 115

longitudinal tearing away of the aorta

Answer 116

can cause low back pain due to erosion of the anterior vertebral body

Answer 117

thomboangitis obliterans person who smokes heavily Intermittent claudication Lower extemity is affected

Answer 118

Vasospasm of the arteries may be primary or secondary to other collagen diseases such as lupus Found in the hands or feet producing a****** triphasic color change FROM pallor to cyanosis and rubor ***** brought on by cold or emotion

Answer 119

aka giant cell artetities affects temporal arteries Asocoated with long standing hypertension

Answer 120

aka pulseless disease granulomatou sinflammation of theaortic arch

Answer 121

Likely to cause cyanosis DRIP Dextro rotation of the aorta Rright ventricular hypertophy Interventricular spetal defect Pulmonic stenosis

Answer 122

reverse normal BP aorta narrowing of the lumen produces increased blood pressure in the upper extremities and decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities

Answer 123

Hormonal immunity ( b -lymphocytes to cell immunity )

Answer 124

mediated immunity

Answer 125

Causes seriously enlarged lymph nodes. Produces a Pel Epstein fever which comes and goes. diagnosis based upon tissue biopsy and presence of the Reed Sternberg cell

Answer 126

Mostly seen in older people. No Reed Sternberg ~ cells. Symptoms same as Hodgkin's, but more severe. Includes Burkett Is Ivmph~ which is described by its "starry sky appearance

Answer 127

a leukemia of bone marrow. affects the plasma cells. usually over 50

Answer 128

a X linked hereditary disease Decrease IgG Decrease B cells B cell defieiciency

Answer 129

a Tell cell defieicincy cause by a hypoplasia of the Thalamus

Answer 130

ALL seen in children

Answer 131

older 75% over 60 increased mature - | lymphocytes

Answer 132

85% adult can happen at any age *worst prognosis

Answer 133

young adulthood, increased granulocytes "Philadelphia chromosome" 30-40 years old

Answer 134

lack or loss of RBC

Answer 135

Hemolytic breakdown of cells by some disease in the body such as sickle cell anemia or malaria

Answer 136

AKA Cooley's anemia Homozygous Beta Thalasmsia AKA medteranains thalasemia

Answer 137

Rh- Mother, Rh+ Father, Rh+ baby

Answer 138

most common microcutic hypochromic - paler in color

Answer 139

due to lack of intrinsic factor

Answer 140

seen in pregnancy

Answer 141

seen in vegetarians

Answer 142

Decreased Rbc"s due to toxins or chemotherapy

Answer 143

Can be in response to high altitudes or lung problems Vera true pathological condition

Answer 144

decreased platlets in the blood megakarycytes

Answer 145

1. Injury leads to release of thromboplastin 2. Leads to production of prothrombin to thrombin (acts as catalyst) 1. Thromboplastin is thought to be releseaed by damaged cells 2. Prothrombin is formed in the liver 3. Fibrinogen is formed in the liver Positive feedback: the more thrombin produced, the more fibrin is produced

Answer 146

pancytopenia

Answer 147

Aplastic anemia

Answer 148

Exocrine secretions, milk, tears and saliva

Answer 149

Lines respiratory and intestinal tracts. Associated with allergies (increased eosinophils), asthma, Hay fever

Answer 150

Major antibody against virus, bacteria, toxins. Passes placenta

Answer 151

Early part of every immune response

Answer 152

ANAPHYLACTIC: Seen in bronchial asthma, Hay fever, food allergies, drug reactions, bee stings. Mast cells and basophils make histamine. Reaction occurs in minutes

Answer 153

CYTOTOXIC or autoimmune: Eruthroplasosis fetalis Goodpatures IgG and IgM produced Reaction takes hours to days .

Answer 154

IMMUNE COMPLEX Seen in serum sickness, acute glomerulonephritis, SLE, Arthus reaction. IgG/ antigen antibodycomplex produced. Takes days

Answer 155

DELAYED: ``` Seen in TB testing, transplant rej ection, comtact dermatitis (poison ivy). ``` Antigen sensitive T cells. contact Takes a few days

Answer 156

Inflammatory condition usually begins in the hands. SYmmetrical distribution. Leads to deformity (ulnar deviation of the wrist) and ankylosis in the spine. produces)*******pannus jformation over the joints (an exudate on synovial cells. Hayqarth's and Bouchard's nodes.

Answer 157

A degenerative change that occurs in everyone. Usually unilateral in ,distribution in weight bearing joints such as thip and knees. Produces decreased joint spacee, subchondral sclerosis and osteophytes

Answer 158

inability to digest purines Produces synovial thickening and secondary inflammatory edema (no pannus) Excess uric acid in the blood leads to tophi formation

Answer 159

Associated with Chalamidya associated with | conjunctivitis, urethritis and rheumaoid arthritis

Answer 160

A collagen disease (autoimmune) that can produce arthritis Produce skin changes Libman Sack endocarditis Formation of anutobies against DNA TEST - ANA tests

Answer 161

Usually affects the knee

Answer 162

usually affects the knee

Answer 163

Hypertrophy of the synovium

Answer 164

Prothrombin: made in the liver and the liver puts it in the blood 2. Moves into the blood 3. With addition of calcium 4. Thrombin 5. Fibrinogen 6. Clots

Answer 165

Anaphylactic Time: 15- 30 min Imidiete Disorder: Bee Sting, Hay fever Bronchiol asma Immune Response: IgE , Mast cells Basophils

Answer 166

Cytotoxic TIme: Min to hours Disorders: Goodpateurs , Myseia Gravis, Erythroblastosis fetalis Blood transfusions , Graves Immune System: IGG Target cells , Phagocytosis

Answer 167

Immune Complex Disease Disorder: Arthus reaction, Serum sickness (Systemic Necrosis) RA Lupus IGG

Answer 168

Cell mediated Delayed hypersensitivity Disorder: TB, Contact Dermatitis, regected transplant Cell: T cell

Answer 169

lung and kidneys

Answer 170

Anitgen directly attack Use IgG

Answer 171

Antigen and antibody IgG