PATH - Boob Diseases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in PATH - Boob Diseases Deck (16)
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1
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Most common in women under 35 years

Small, well-defined, mobile mass

INC size and tenderness
with INC estrogen (pregnancy, prior to menstruation)

Risk of cancer is usually not increased

2
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A

Most common in premenopausal women>35 years.

Presents with *premenstrual breast pain or lumps

often bilateral and multifocal

Nonproliferative lesions include simple cysts (fluid-filled duct dilation, blue dome), papillary apocrine change/metaplasia, stroll fibrosis

Risk of cancer is usually not increased

3
Q

Sclerosing adenosis

A

INC *acini and stromal fibrosis, associated with calcifications

Slight risk for cancer.

4
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

Small papillary tumor within *lactiferous ducts, typically beneath areola.

Most common cause of
*nipple discharge (serous or bloody)

Slight risk for cancer

5
Q

Epithelial hyperplasia

A

INC cells in terminal ductal or lobular epithelium

INC risk of carcinoma with atypical cells

6
Q

Phyllodes tumor

A

Large mass of *connective tissue and cysts with *“leaf-like” lobulations.

Most common in 5th decade

Some may become malignant

7
Q

Fat necrosis

A

Benign, usually painless, lump due to injury to breast tissue

Calcified oil cyst on mammography

necrotic fat and giant cells on biopsy

Up to 50% of patients may not report trauma.

8
Q

Lactational mastitis

A

During breastfeeding, INC risk of bacterial infection through cracks in nipple

*S aureus is most common pathogen.

Treat with antibiotics and *continue breastfeeding.

9
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast enlargement in males due to INC estrogen compared with androgen activity

Physiologic (not pathologic) in newborn, pubertal, and elderly males, but may persist after puberty

Other causes include cirrhosis, hypogonadism (eg, Klinefelter syndrome), testicular tumors, and drugs
(Spironolactone, Hormones, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole: “Some Hormones Create Knockers”).

10
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

DCIS

A

Noninvasive, Malignant breast tumors

Fills *ductal lumen

Arises from *ductal atypic

Often seen early as micro calcifications on mammography

Early malignancy *without BM
penetration.

11
Q

Comedocarcinoma

A

Noninvasive, Malignant breast tumors

Ductal, central necrosis

Subtype of DCIS

12
Q

Paget disease

A

Noninvasive, Malignant breast tumors

Results from underlying DCIS or invasive breast cancer

*Eczematous patches on nipple

*Paget cells = intraepithelial adenocarcinoma
cells.

13
Q

Invasive ductal carcinoma

A

Invasive, Malignant breast tumors

Firm, fibrous, *“rock-hard” mass with sharp margins and small, glandular, duct-like cells

Grossly, see classic *“stellate” infiltration

Most common (∼ 75% of all breast cancers).

14
Q

Invasive lobular carcinoma

A

Invasive, Malignant breast tumors

Orderly row of cells (*“Indian file”), due to DEC *E-cadherin expression.

Often *bilateral with multiple lesions in the same
location.

15
Q

Medullary carcinoma

A

Invasive, Malignant breast tumors

Fleshy, cellular, lymphocytic infiltrate

Good prognosis

16
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer

A

Invasive, Malignant breast tumors

Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma

Peau d’orange (breast skin
resembles orange peel)

neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

Poor prognosis (50% survival at 5 years)

Often mistaken for mastitis or Paget disease