Path buzz words

Question 1

Lumpy bumpy/humps

Answer 1

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 2

+ serum antistreptolysin (ASO) titers and streptozyme test

Answer 2

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 3

What strains are seen in Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 3

Beta hemolytic: types 12, 4, or 1

Question 4

IF shows IgM, IgG, and C3

Answer 4

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 5

1. Glomerular hypercellularity

2. Leukocyte infiltration

Answer 5

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 6

1. Capillary basement membrane thickening
2. Diffuse Mesangial sclerosis
3. Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Answer 6

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis/nephropathy

Question 7

Malignant nephrosclerosis

Answer 7

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis/nephropathy

Renal disease associated with malignant or accelerated hypertension

Will have fibrinoid necrosis in the afferent arteriole
and hyperplastic arteriolitis “onion-skin” lesion

Question 8

early findings of microalbuminuria and elevated GFR

Answer 8

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis/nephropathy

Question 9

Fatty casts

Answer 9

Minimal Change disease

Question 10

Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor Abs

Answer 10

membranous glomerulonephropathy

Question 11

Spikes

Answer 11

membranous glomerulonephropathy

Question 12

1. Effaced foot processes
2. Thickening of the basement membrane
3. Accumulation of immunoglobulin deposits

Answer 12

membranous glomerulonephropathy

Question 13

HIV positive pts

Answer 13

Collapsing glomerulosclerosis, a type of FSGS

Question 14

large cysts surrounded by mesenchyme

Answer 14

Cystic renal dysplasia

Question 15

Medullary cysts concentrated to the corticomedullary junction

Answer 15

Nephronophthisis- medullary cystic disease complex

Question 16

Types of RPGN

Answer 16

Type I: Anti-GBM. Linear
Type II- Immune complex. Granular.
Type III- pauci immune. None

Question 17

EM- wrinkled and ruptured BM

Answer 17

RPGN

Question 18

nephritic nephrotic syndrome

Answer 18

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 19

Tram track

Answer 19

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Question 20

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis types

Answer 20

Type I: immune complex IgG + C3. Subendothelial. Occurs with hepatitis C with cryoglobulinemia

Type II: C3 nephritic factor. Intramembranous.
35% of pts develop acute nephritic syndrome

Question 21

Effectively treated my corticosteroids

Answer 21

minimal change disease

Question 22

Alternating thickening and thinning

Answer 22

Alports

Question 23

Urea-splitting bacteria

Answer 23

Struvite stones made of magnesium phosphate

Question 24

VHL gene

Answer 24

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 25

Thyroidization

Answer 25

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 26

Inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and plasma cells, and no neutrophils

Answer 26

chronic cystitis

Question 27

Shistocytes

Answer 27

HUS

Question 28

40% of this is associated with step pneumo

Answer 28

atypical HUS

Question 29

ADAMTS

Answer 29

TTP

Question 30

factor H

Answer 30

atypical HUS

Question 31

Fibrocystin

Answer 31

autosomal recessive polycystic disease

Question 32

mesangial proliferation

Answer 32

MPGN

Question 33

granulomatous vasculitis

Answer 33

RPGN Type III

Question 34

Chronic immune complex deposition disease

Answer 34

Membranous glomerulonephropathy

Question 35

nephrin

Answer 35

FSGN

Question 36

papillary necrosis

Answer 36

analgesic nephropathy

Question 37

leukemia

Answer 37

uric acid stone

Question 38

Stage 3 GFR

Answer 38

30-59

Question 39

Signs of chronic renal disease

Answer 39

1. HTN, edema, CHF 2. Bone disease 3. Anemia 4. Isosthenuria and broad waxy casts 5. Acidosis 6. Hyperkalemia 7. Progressive azotemia over months to years a. End stage: fatigue, weakness, malaise, nausea, vomiting 8. Paresthesias 9. B/l small kidneys

Question 40

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Answer 40

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 41

What do the humps contain?

Answer 41

IgG and C3. Deposited on subepithelial side

Question 42

Diseases that IgA deposits can also be seen in

Answer 42

hepatic cirrhosis HIV CMV Celiac disease

Question 43

Hepatitis C is associated with...

Answer 43

1. Immune complex mediated MPGN (nephritic, type I) 2. Mixed Cryoglobulinemic GN (nephritic) 3. Membranous Nephropathy (nephrotic)

Question 44

Low C3

Answer 44

MPGN

Question 45

Dense ribbon-like deposits

Answer 45

MPGN

Question 46

Treatment for nephritic diseases

Answer 46

1. Treat hypertension and proteinuria with ACE inhibitor 2. Add methylprednisolone for proteinuria > 1gm/d and GFR > 70 mL/min 3. Add cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil for GFR

Question 47

APOL1 gene

Answer 47

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 48

Kimmelstiel-Wilson

Answer 48

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 49

Chronic tubulointerstitial disease characterized by

Answer 49

``` o Isosthenuria with polyuria o Moderate proteinuria o Very few cells o Type I, II, or IV RTA o Broad waxy casts o Small kidneys ```

Question 50

Causes of tubulointerstitial disease

Answer 50

``` o Prostate (obstructive uropathy) o Analgesics (NSAIDs) o VU reflux o Lead (heavy metals) o Gout o Myeloma ```

Question 51

Renal disease of myeloma

Answer 51

``` Myeloma kidney Hypercalcemia Hyperuricemia Amyloidosis B cell infiltration Hyperviscosity ```

Question 52

Tests for renovascular hypertension

Answer 52

1. Captopril test 2. DSA 3. MRI-angiography 4. Arteriography 5. Renal vein renin ratio >1.5

Question 53

2 main causes of renovascular hypertension

Answer 53

1. Atherosclerosis-males | 2. Fibromuscular dysplasia- females