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Term 3 Finals > Path Integument Term 4 TQs > Flashcards

Path Integument Term 4 TQs Flashcards

1
Q

What causes actinic injury?

A

UV Radiation

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2
Q

What can actinic injury lead to?

A

Solar dermatosis, keratosis, cutaneous neoplasia (SCC)

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3
Q

What are the different types of photosensitization?

A

Type I – caused by pants ( hypericum perforatusm, fagopyrum exculentum) or drugs (phenothiazine) Type II – caused by inherited porphyrin metabolism. Type III – Hepatogenous photosensitization. Most common form. Associated with liver desease and phylloenrythrin deficit

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4
Q

What is photoenhanced dermatoses?

A

Immune mediated Dz aggravated by UV light → lupus, dermatomyositis, photo vasculitis of horse

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5
Q

What is Dermatosis vegetans?

A

Inherited autosomal Dz of landrace pigs

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6
Q

CS of dermatosis vegetans?

A

Vegetating skin lesions, hoof malformations, giant cells → death

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7
Q

Whatn are dermatosis vegetans lesions present?

A

at brith or 2-3mo

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8
Q

Atopy definition?

A

A genetic predisposition to inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease

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9
Q

Mechanism of atopic dermatitis?

A

Type I hypersensitivity with IgE antibodies to the environmental allergens

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10
Q

CS of Atropic Dermatitis?

A

Pruritis, exoriations,secondary bacterial and yeast infections

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11
Q

Insect bite hypersensitivity is cause by what reactions?

A

Type I and IV hypersensitivity reactions to salivary antigens from insect bites

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12
Q

Classic examples of insect bite hypersensitivity?

A

Culicoides, flea bite, mosquito

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13
Q

Gorss lesions of insect bite hypersensitivity?

A

papularar to exudative dermatitis, miliary dermatitis (fleas in cats)

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis of superficial pemphigus?

A

Autoantibodies react with desmoglein 1 → cytotoxic injury and acantholysis of the superficial epidermis → subcorneal pustules

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15
Q

Histo lesions of superficial pemphigus?

A

Subcorneal pustules, acantholytic keratinocytes

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16
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris (deep pemphigus) vs. superficial pemphigus?

A

Deep pemphigus is more severe, may lead to illness with pyrexia, depression, and anorexia

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17
Q

Deep Pemphigus?

A

AutoAbs react with desmoglein 3 → cytotoxic injury and acantholysis of deep epidermis → subrabasilar vesicles

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18
Q

Gross lesions of Deep Pemphigus?

A

Vesiculo-ulcerative lesions of oral mucusa, mucocutaneous junctions, or skin.

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19
Q

Histo lesions of Deep Pemphigus?

A

Suprabasilar vesicles, pustules, acantholytic keratinocytes, and “tombstoning” of basal cells

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20
Q

What is SLE?

A

Multi-organ disease of humans and dogs

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of SLE?

A

Formation of autoAbs which are directed against many different cellular and soluble antigens including nucleic acids.

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22
Q

What is the principle mechanism of injury in SLE?

A

immune complex formation and deposition (type III hypersensitivity) in a number of tissues including skin.

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23
Q

What is frequently diagnostic of SLE?

A

Elevation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer

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24
Q

CS of SLE?

A

General local erythema, depigmentation, alopecia, scaling, crusting

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25
Gross lesions of SLE?
local or general. Erythema, depigmentation, alopecia, scaling, crusting and ulceration. Most commonly on face.
26
In what animals is dermatophytosis found?
Humans and animals, especially cats and young animals.
27
what organisms cause dermatophytosis?
Micosproum sp. And Trichophyton sp.
28
Gross lesions of Dermatophytosis?
Circular to irregular, skaly to crusty patches of alopecia
29
Histo lesions of dermatophytosis?
Perifolliculitis and luminal folliculitis with occasional furunculosis and epidermal hyperplasia
30
What causes the clinical Dz in dermatophytosis?
Host's immune reaction
31
What is malassezia?
Yeast that is commensal on the skin
32
When does malassezia cause clinical dermatitis?
When microclimate or host defenses are altered
33
Gross lesions of Malassezia dermatitis?
Erythematous, scaly, lichenified and alopecic dermatitis (especially in skin folds)
34
Histologic lesions of Malassezia dermatitis?
Acanthosis with parakeratosis, spongiosis, lymphocytic exocytosis, +/- yeast.
35
What causes Subcutaneous Mycoses?
Traumatic implantation of fungi from the environment
36
Subcutaneous mycoses lesions?
Nodular granulomatous to pyogranulomatous panniculitis and dermatitis
37
What is acral lick dermatitis and what are other names for it?
A common psychogenic dermatitis caused by persistent licking/chewing usually on the extremities. Aka: lick granuloma, or neurodermatitis
38
What is pyotrumatic dermatitis and what are other names for it?
Common condition in dogs with pain or pruritis → self trauma and secondary bacterial infection. (Pyo = neutrophilic). Aka: Hot spots or acute moist dermatitis
39
What is Intertrigo?
Dermatitis caused by trauma and microbial proliferation at apposed moist skin surfaces.
40
where is Intertrigo most commonly found?
Dogs with excessive skin folds around the face, tail and vulva. Cows with large pendulous udders
41
What is feline ulcerative dermatitis?
Uncommon disorder of cats caused by self-trauma associated with injections, topical therapy or hypersensitivity Typically develops on dorsal neck.
42
What causes a callus?
chronic trauma at pressure points
43
Pathogenesis of frostbite?
Cold → vasoconstriction, necrosis of vessels, and increased blood viscosity → ischemic necrosis and gangrene of extremities
44
Frostbite occurance?
Rare in healthy animals. May occur in neonates with wet fur and hypoglycemia
45
First degree burn
Epidermis only
46
Second degree burn?
epidermis and part of dermis
47
Third degree burn?
Full thickness necrosis of skin
48
What do third degree burns result in?
permanent scarring and life threatening infection and fluid loss
49
Pathogenesis of Mycobacterial granulomas?
Mycobacterium surviving inside macrophages prevent the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes.
50
How do you identify mycobacteria in mycobacterial granulomas?
Acid-fast stains: Ziehl-neelsen stain, Fite-faraco stain
51
what do obligate intracellular pathogens cause?
Tuberculosis and leprosy
52
Opportunistic pathogens and what do they cause?
Saprophytic mycobacteriium sp. Cause infection through wound contamination → mycobacteriosis.
53
What causes non-filamentous bacterial granulomas (Botryomycosis)
Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Proteus.
54
What causes filamentous bacterial granulomas?
Nocardia, Actinomyces, Streptomyces
55
What should you always do when granulomatous inflammation is present?
Always suspect infection. Biopsy with histopathology and bacterial culture to rule out infectious etiologies before considering sterile granuloma.
56
What granulomas are idiopathic, and in dogs of any age?
Sterile granulomas/ pyogranuloma syndrome
57
what occurs in puppies less than 4 months old, involves the lymph nodes and has unknown pathogenesis?
Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis
58
What lesions are found with Juvenile sterile granulomatous dermatits and lymphadenitis?
papules, plawues or nodules occuring on the head and extremities. Histologically, no microbes are found.
59
What are four mechanisms of bacterial infections affecting blood vessels that can lead to skin lesions?
Bacterial embolism, bacterial toxins, infection of vascular epithelium, type III hypersensitivity
60
Examples of systemic bacterial infections and their cutaneous lesions ?
1. Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae – ebolism → vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction (diamond skin disase.) 2. Salmonellosis: endotoxin induced venous thrombosis → cyanosis and necrosis of distal extremities. 3. E. coli: Shiga toxin → endothelial damage, vasculitis → edema disease of pigs. 4. Staph aureus: exotoxin production ==> toxic shock syndrom in dogs. 5. Strep canis: exotoxin → vascular damage in necrotizing faciitis. 6. Richettsia rickettsia: infects endothelial cells → vasculitis and necrotic skin lesions (RMSF)
61
What bacteria causes canine superficial pyoderma?
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius +/- predisposing factors
62
Gross lesions of canine superficial pyoderma?
Collarettes, macules, papules, pustules, crusts
63
Pathogenesis of Deep pyoderma?
Deep bact. Infection of hair follicle (folliculitis) → follicular distension and rupture (furunculosis) → release of hair shaft, bact., and keratin debris → severe localized deep dermatitis (infection and foreign body type inflammation)
64
In what animal is deep pyoderma most common and where is it found?
Dogs, on pressure points and on the feet and interdigital spaces
65
what bacteria is associated with deep pyoderma?
S. pseudointermedius
66
Which is more common, superficial or deep pyoderma?
superficial
67
What is Cellulitis?
Poorly demarcated area of bacterial infection causing supperative inflammation of the dermis, subcutis and underlying muscle. (painful)
68
What is the usual source of cellulitis infeciton?
Penetrating wound or other injury
69
What is necrotizing faciitis?
Rare, severe form of cellulitis that results in flesh eating bacteria syndrome
70
What bacteria is associated with dogs that have necrotizing faciitis?
Streptococcus canis
71
why is necrotizing faciitis life threatening?
Concurrent septic shock
72
Which poxviruses are most pathogenic?
Sheeppox and goatpox caused by capripoxvirus as they typically result in systemic infection with mortality in young animals
73
Which poxviruses are zoonotic?
monkeypox, cowpox, and parapoxvirus
74
Pathogenesis of poxviruses
Viral invasion of epithelium → simulation of DNA → epidermal and dermal hyperplasia → vascular injury and ischemic necrosis (virus → proliferation → necrosis)
75
Pox lesion development
Macule > papule > vesicle > umbilicated pustule > crust > scar
76
What causes atrophy?
Starvation, malnutrition, cushings, iatrogenic cushings
77
Pathogenesis of solar elastosis?
Chronic uv radiation --> increased thick, interwoven basophillic elastic fibers --> accumulate and thicken
78
Causes of vasculitis?
infection, IM injury, toxins and drug rxn, DIC, ideopathic
79
What does type II hypersensitivity cause during SLE?
Edema, hemorrhage, ischemia, and infarction due to vasculitis.
80
Edotheliotrphic infections?
Repes, RMSV, FIV
81
Bacterial embolism
Erispileothirx "diamond skin Dz of pigs"
82
Paniculitis
Inflammation of SQ adipose tissue
83
What causes paniculitis?
infectious (bact/fungus), immune mediated SLE, Physical injury, Nutritional disorder (Vit E-cats) Pancreatic Dz, Idiopathic,

Term 3 Finals (7 decks)

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