Path Terms

Question 1

Fibrous Osteodystrophy

Answer 1

Bone Change due to prolonged PTH stimulation (hyperparathyroidism)

• Nutritional
• Renal due to decreased tgfr increasing the P concentration

Question 2

Hyperostosis

Answer 2

Increased bone production

Caused by trauma
Chronic inflammation
Idiopathic

Question 3

Osteosclerosis

Answer 3

Abnormally dense bone due to the failure of osteoclasts activity

Question 4

Osteonecrosis

Answer 4

Death of bone cells

Question 5

Osteomyelitis

Answer 5

Bone and medullary tissue is inflamed

Question 6

Periostieitis

Answer 6

Periosteal surface inflamed

Question 7

Benign bone tumor

Answer 7

Osteoma, chondroma, ossifying fibroma, osteochondroma

Question 8

Metastatic bone tumor

Answer 8

Osteosarcoma

Question 9

Pannus

Answer 9

Growth of fibrovascular tissue with subsequent destruction of cartilage

Question 10

Fibro consistent with fibrous

Answer 10

Chronic

Question 11

Necrosuppurative

Answer 11

Necrosis with neutrophils

Question 12

Pyogranulomatous

Answer 12

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 13

Chondromalacia

Answer 13

Thinning and fibrillation of cartilage due to matrix loss

Question 14

Subchondral bone hyperostosis (eburnation)

Answer 14

Increased focal compression on subchondral plate due to loss of cartilage or abnormal joint loading

Question 15

Osteosarcoma

Answer 15

Malignant tumornthat has a characteristic loss of cortical bone (thinned). Will not cross the bone surface

Question 16

Periarticular osteophyte formation

Answer 16

Focal hyperostosis at attachment points of joint capsule; edges of articular surface. Due to abnormal joint loading and instability.
- this is a feature of chronic changes around the joint. The abnormal joint loading will cause hyperostosis at the periphery of the joint.

Question 17

Osteoarthritis pathogenesis

Answer 17

Draw it out and review the sheet

Question 18

Osteochondrosis dessecans pathogenesis

Answer 18

Draw it out and review the sheet

Question 19

Glomerulosclerosis

Answer 19

Reaction to long term glomerular injury

Question 20

Amyloidosis

Answer 20

manifestation of systemic AA deposition

Question 21

Glomerulonephritis: Immune complex disease

Answer 21

this is the #1 glomerular disease we encounter caused by antigens, Ag-ab complex accumulation

Question 22

Membranous pattern of Glomerulonephritis

Answer 22

supepithelial plus thickened Glomerular basement membrane

Question 23

Proliferative pattern of glomerulonephritis

Answer 23

mesangela + mesangeal cell proliferation

Question 24

Membranoproliferative Pattern of glomerulonephritis

Answer 24

subendothelial + thickened glomerular basement membrane. This pattern can be seen in a Lyme disease case

Question 25

Clinical features of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Subcutaneous edem Hypercholesterolemia

Question 26

Phelitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Question 27

Pyelonephritis

Answer 27

pelvis + renal parenchyma are inflammed

Question 28

hydronephrous

Answer 28

dilation of the renal pelvis, can result in renal crest necrosis

Question 29

Nephroliths

Answer 29

massive stones found wiithin the renal pelvis

Question 30

Cystomegally

Answer 30

distended bladder

Question 31

hydroureter

Answer 31

distended ureter

Question 32

ureteritis

Answer 32

inflammation of the ureter

Question 33

cystitis

Answer 33

inflammation of the bladder

Question 34

urethritis

Answer 34

inflammation of the urethra

Question 35

Urolithiasis

Answer 35

stone formation around nidus - usually a mineral precipitate - predisposing factors : alkaline urine, dehydration, bacterial infection, diet - Obstruction at narrow points such as the sigmoid flexure

Question 36

Common neoplasms of the lower urinary tract

Answer 36

Transitional cell carcinoma Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma (along the smooth muscle)

Question 37

Leptospirosis in the Urinary tract

Answer 37

Acute- hemoglobinuric nephrosis Chronic- renal disease - enlarged nodular kidneys - lymphogranulomatous and purulent tubulointerstitial nephritis

Question 38

What is the apperance of the kidney when there is chronic glomerular nephritis

Answer 38

The kidney is smaller than it should be. Tend to maintain a normal shape, but have blebbed apperance with white flecks to it.

Question 39

Renal dysplasia

Answer 39

-congenital/neonatal defects Inherited in several breedds -CRF by 3 years of age Small segmentally fibrotic kidneys

Question 40

When a sheep liver is presented to you and it is diffusely black brown in color

Answer 40

Copper toxicosis - Cu accumulates in the liver - Massive release of Cu from liver -> acute hemolysis - hemaglobinuric nephropathy

Question 41

Erosion

Answer 41

loss of epithelium down to the basement membrane

Question 42

Ulcer

Answer 42

defect in cornea through the basement membrane

Question 43

Keratitis

Answer 43

The inflammation of the cornea

Question 44

Leukocytosis

Answer 44

Increased white blood cell count

Question 45

Myelophthisis

Answer 45

replacement of bone marrow by non-native tissue/cells

Question 46

SCID in foals

Answer 46

hyoplasia of the thyus

Question 47

splenic histocytic sarcoma

Answer 47

splenic mass of macrophage lineage

Question 48

Pathogenesis for cushings in a horse

Answer 48

Equine chromophobe adenoma fo pars intermedia causes pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. - A fnctional tumor increases ACTH-> as this expands into the hypothalamus, there is impaired ADH production leading to hirsutism and hyperhidrosis, PU/PD

Question 49

Canine "cushing's like syndrome

Answer 49

Due to a functional chromaphobe adenoma. This increases the ACTH secreation and causes diffuse adrenal cortical hyperplasia.

Question 50

What is the sequella to pituitary adenoma that is non-functional

Answer 50

there will by bilaterally symmetrical atrophy of the adrenal cortex

Question 51

What is the sequella to a pituitary adenoma in a canine that is functional

Answer 51

bilaterally symetrical hypertrophy of the adrenal glands

Question 52

An increase in calcitonin will do what to serum calcium levels

Answer 52

Decrease serum calcium (This is antagonistic with PTH)

Question 53

What clinical signs will you see in a dog with hypothyroidism

Answer 53

bilaterally symetrical alopecia, epidermal atrophy, hypercholesterolemia

Question 54

In concentric hypertrophy of the heart what happens to the volume of fluid the heart can hold?

Answer 54

it decreases. The lumen size is smaller

Question 55

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 55

zona glomerulosa, Zona fasiculata, Zona REticularis

Question 56

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

Answer 56

release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 57

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 57

neoplasm of the adrenal medulla

Question 58

If you have hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets, what do you expect to see as changes in the ferret

Answer 58

Increased estrogenic production, so feminization ; persistant estrus

Question 59

If you increase PTH, what will happen to calcitonin and calcium levels?

Answer 59

decreased calcitonin and increased calcium

Question 60

If you have a functional parathyroid adenoma, what else will you see?

Answer 60

Fibrous osteodystrophy with hypercalcemia

Question 61

Anal sac adenocarcinomas in dogs secrete what?

Answer 61

PTH related peptide causing a hyperparathyroidism, and FOD.

Question 62

What are soem clinical signs you would see with a pheochromacytoma

Answer 62

anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea etc.