Patho Flashcards
(27 cards)
myocardium
which is the muscle layer of the heart responsible for pumping blood
Genetic Disorders
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC/D),
Mixed Disorders
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Primary restrictive cardiomyopathy,
Acquired Disorders
Myocarditis, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM):
The heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, making it harder for the heart to pump blood.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC/D)
This condition affects the right side of the heart, where muscle tissue is replaced by fat or scar tissue, leading to abnormal heart rhythms
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
The heart becomes enlarged and weak, so it can’t pump blood effectively
Primary restrictive cardiomyopathy
The heart muscle becomes stiff, making it difficult for the heart to fill with blood properly between beats
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle, usually due to an infection.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
This occurs in women during pregnancy or shortly after giving birth, where the heart weakens and becomes enlarged.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Also known as “stress-induced cardiomyopathy” or “broken heart syndrome,” this happens when severe emotional or physical stress causes temporary weakening of the heart muscle.
aortic valve,
which is the exit point where blood leaves the heart and goes to the rest of the body.
Ventricles are too stiff to stretch
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Heart muscle too wake?
Defects in contractile proteins
The most common cause of sudden
cardiac death
• Inherited as an autosomal dominant
disorder caused by mutations in the
genes encoding proteins of cardiac
sarcomere
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCM: Inherited as an autosomal dominant
disorder caused by mutations in the
genes encoding proteins of cardiac
sarcomere
This means that the condition is passed down through families. If one parent has the mutated gene, there’s a 50% chance of passing it to their children. The mutation affects proteins in the cardiac sarcomere, which is the part of the heart muscle responsible for contracting and pumping blood. This causes the heart muscle to not function properly.
cardiac sarcomere
which is the part of the heart muscle responsible for contracting and pumping blood.
Histological characteristics of HCM
myocyte hypertrophy
- myofibril disarray
- ↑ cardiac fibrosis
impaired diastolic filling
The heart struggles to fill with blood properly
Reduced ability to pump blood
Systolic dysfunction
Shortness of breath
Dyspnea
Fainting
Syncope
Irregular heart rhythms
Ventricular arrhythmias, Atrial fibrillation
Beta blockers
to reduce catecholamine’s, slow
down HR
