Patho Blood

Question 1

Myeloid

Answer 1

Refers to the cells in te red bone marrow that produce all the granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes

Question 2

Lymphoid

Answer 2

Refers to the cells in the red bone marrow that produce all the lymphocytes

Question 3

Progenitor cells

Answer 3

A stem cell that is not completely differentiated and is capable of differentiating into one or more types of mature cells. An undifferentiated MYELOID stem cell or progenitor cell can differentiate into three separate progenitor cells: MEGAKARYOCTE, ERYTHROCYTE,
GRANULOCYTE/MONOCTE

Question 4

Leukopenia

Answer 4

Lower than normal WBC count, usually less than 4000 per cubic millilitre. Drastically increase the risk for infections. MOST COMMONLY caused by chemotherapy or radiation or could be due to disorders of blood cells.

Question 5

What is the most common cause of Leukopenia?

Answer 5

Chemotherapy or radiation

Question 6

Granulocytopenia

Answer 6

Lower than normal neutrophil count.

Question 7

Agranulocytosis:

Answer 7

Severe neutropenia (less than 500 per micrometer)

Question 8

Neutropenia

Answer 8

Lower than normal neutrophil count. This is the MOST COMMON type of LEUKOPENIA. It is often accompanied with a fever and is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention to prevent fatal cases of infection.

Question 9

What is the most common type of Leukopenia?

Answer 9

Neutropenia

Question 10

Lymphopenia

Answer 10

Lower than normal lymphocyte count and it is mostly due to the chronic use of steroid.

Question 11

What is the most common cause of Lymphopenia?

Answer 11

Chronic use of steroids

Question 12

Leukocytosis

Answer 12

Higher than normal WBC count, usually greater than 11,000 per cubic milliliter

Question 13

Reactive leukocytosis

Answer 13

Mild to moderate increases of up to about 20,000 WBCs which in most cases is a normal reaction to infection.

Question 14

Leukemoid reaction:

Answer 14

In rare cases, WBC count can go up as high as 30 40 or even 50, 000.

Question 15

What is the normal leukocyte reaction to infection?

Answer 15

20,000 WBCs, the reactive leukocytosis

Question 16

Why do we use the term leukemoid for leukemoid reaction.

Answer 16

The numbers are so high it looks like leukaemia

Question 17

Neutrophilic

Answer 17

Higher than normal neutrophil count most often an indication of bacterial infection.

Question 18

Bandemia

Answer 18

Higher than normal count of bands, the circulating immature neutrophils, which tend to go up in numbers when the rate of neutrophil productions is increased in response to bacterial infection.

Question 19

Lymphocytosis

Answer 19

Higher than normal lymphocyte count most often seen in viral infections.

Question 20

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 20

Enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection,immune relations or malignancy.

Question 21

Metaplasia

Answer 21

A reversible change from once cell type to another due to injury and inflammation.

Question 22

Dysplasia

Answer 22

A precancerous change in the arrangement and appearance of cells that may reverse to normal or progress to invasive cancer.

Question 23

Neoplasia:

Answer 23

An abnormal growth of new cells that will produce a mass. This may be benign meaning non-invasive and not dangerous, or it may be malignant meaning invasive and fatal.

Question 24

Leukemia

Answer 24

A malignant overproduction of leukocytes widely present in the red bone marrow and blood.

Question 25

Lymphoma

Answer 25

A malignant overproduction of lymphocytes that gives rise to a distinct mass in lymphoid tissue or other organs.

Question 26

Chloroma

Answer 26

A solid mass or tutor outside of the bone marrow caused by infiltration and accumulation of malignant leukaemia cells in a tissue.

Question 27

Myelodysplasia

Answer 27

A group or preleukemai disorders that cause ineffective hematopoiesis and can lead to leukaemia.

Question 28

Myelophthisis

Answer 28

Replacement of the normal red bone marrow by fibrous tissue or malignant cells. The normal marrow cells become very scant.

Question 29

Myelofibrosis

Answer 29

the replacing of normal marrow cells by fibrous tissue. This could happen as a primary process when poorly differentiated myeloid progenitor cells become malignant (myeloid cell). It could happen as a secondary process -- a final consequence of any of the myeloproliferative syndromes.

Question 30

Myeloproliferative syndromes

Answer 30

A group of malignancies of myeloid progenitor cells which result in replacement of normal marrow with malignant cells and eventually fibrous tissue.

Question 31

Myeloid metaplasia

Answer 31

Production of abnormal malignant blood cells in the liver and spleen. This is also called neoplastic extra medullary hematopoiesis. This happens when the bone marrow has been replaced by fibrous tissue as in myelofibrosis.

Question 32

Extra medullary hematopoiesis

Answer 32

Production of blood cells in the spleen and the liver in an adult. This us

Question 33

Where does Myeloid metaplasia occur? What happens? | When? Another name for Myeloid metaplasia?

Answer 33

In the liver and the spleen. Production of malignant blood cells. When the bone marrow has been replaced by fibrous tissue as in myelofibrosis. AKA EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS.

Question 34

Splenomegaly

Answer 34

Enlargement of the spleen which can be due to a number of causes, including leukemia and lymphoma.

Question 35

Does Leukaemia and Lymphoma cause Splenomegaly?

Answer 35

Yes. And other conditions as well.

Question 36

Hepatomegaly

Answer 36

Enlargement of the liver that may be caused by a number of factors including extramedullary hematopoiesis secondary to malignancies of blood cells.

Question 37

Hepatosplenomegaly

Answer 37

Enlargement of the liver and the spleen.