patho chpt 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
increase in muscle mass
hypertrophy
increase in the # of cells
hyperplasia
liver regrowth is an example of
compensatory hyperplasia
when one adult cell type is replaced with another adult cell type
metaplasia
strongly implicated as a precursor of cancer
dysplasia
buildup of substances that cells cannot immediately use or eliminate. they are made up of unused foods, lipids and glycogen.
intracellular accumulation
highly reactive chemical species having an unpaired electron in the outer shell
free radical
deprives the cell of oxygen
hypoxia
unplanned cell death
necrosis
planned cell death
apoptosis
macroscopic deposition of calcium salts in injured tissue
dystrophic calcification
oxygen containing molecules that are highly reactive
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
low blood flow
ischemia
dead cells persist indefinitely as soft cheese like debris
Caseous necrosis
when a considerable mass of tissue undergoes necrosis
gangrene
5 categories of cell injury
nutritional imbalance, chemical, electrical, biological, physical
causes of hypercalcemia (calcium in the blood)
hyperparathyroidism & immobilization
yellow - brown pigment that accumulates in neurons
lipofuscin
a yellow discoloration of tissue
icterus
decrease in cell size
atrophy
when a kidney is removed and the remaining kidney enlarges to compensate for the loss
compensatory hypertrophy
no oxygen
anaerobic respiration
most numerous of the white blood cells
neutrophils
s
lymphocytes
