Patho Final Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Which instrument is a rib shear?
A
Bethune
2
Q
How many lobes are there in the right lung?
A
Three
3
Q
What is the average lifespan of biologic and mechanical heart value replacements?
A
10 to 15 years
4
Q
Which instrument is used to make a small opening into the ascending aorta after the satinsky partial occlusion clamp is placed?
A
Aortic punch
5
Q
What is the name of an air-filled sea that has the appearance of a blister on the surface of long tissue?
A
Bleb
6
Q
Which diagnostic study in most useful for verification of thoracic aortic dissection?
A
CT scan
7
Q
which statement regarding the anatomical placement of the heart is correct?
A
It is positioned in the mediastinum with approximately 2/3 of the heart on the left side.
8
Q
Which of the following are the final branching of the respiratory tree?
A
Alveoli
9
Q
Which structure within the respiratory track is proximal and superior?
A
Larynx
10
Q
Which of the following is not one of the cardiac valves?
A
Septal
11
Q
The coronary arteries originate from the:
A
Ascending aorta
12
Q
The Apex of the long is located:
A
superiorly and just above the clavicle
13
Q
Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary artery?
A
Right ventricle
14
Q
Which congenital defect has four components and is categorized by cyanosis causing appearance of blue babies?
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
15
Q
Pulmonary angiography is primarily used to detect?
A
Pulmonary embolism
16
Q
What do cell saver do?
A
Take patients blood filters it and return it back to patch
17
Q
What surgeries are satinsky vena cava clamp used for?
A
Vascular Surgery to clamp major vessels
18
Q
Sternum from superior to interior?
A
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
19
Q
What is pleural space?
A
The small space between parietal pleura and visceral pleura
20
Q
Inspiration includes?
A
Diaphragm and external intercostals
21
Q
Expiration include?
A
Internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique
22
Q
What is mucosa composed of?
A
Goblet cells
23
Q
Where do the lungs extend from?
A
Slightly below the clavicle to the diaphragm
24
Q
Position for bronchoscopy?
A
Supine with scapular roll to hyperextend neck.
25
What kind of anesthesia is used for bronchoscopy?
Local anesthetic
26
VATS is used for diagnosis of?
Diseases and disorders of the esophagus, lungs, mediastinum, pericardium, and pleura
27
What position is used for VATS procedure?
Usually lateral
28
What kind of anesthesia is used for VATS?
General with a double- lumen endotracheal intubation tube
29
During a VATS the ST should be prepared to convert to a…
Open thoracotomy
30
Pulmonary embolism obstructs?
Pulmonary artery and is life threatening
31
Where does pulmonary thromboendarterectomy usually occur?
Disease is always bilateral
32
What position is the patient in for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?
Supine
33
What anesthesia is used for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy?
General
34
What is the main goal for decortication of the lung?
To restore the normal lung function.
35
What does empyema mean?
The collection of pus in the pleural cavity
36
What position for decortication of the lung?
Posterolateral
37
What is the chief indication for pneumonectomy?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
38
What retractor is used to retract the lung?
Allison lung retractor
39
What does hypoxia mean?
Oxygen deficiency
40
For which of the following procedures would the rigid bronchoscope be preferred?
Removal of foreign body in children
41
Which of the following regarding blood flow is correct?
Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium
42
What is the name of the device used for patients who are unable to be weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass?
Intra-aortic balloon pump
43
Where is swan -Ganz catheter placed?
Pulmonary artery
44
Device is used for patients awaiting heart transplants that allows them to be ambulatory and has both internal and external components to the system?
Ventricular assist device
45
What is the term for a collapsed lung?
Atelectasis
46
With what is the median sternotomy closed?
Heavy gauge stainless steel wire.
47
Which singular congenital defect involves failure of closure of the connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta?
Patent ductus arteriosus
48
In which procedure would an incision not be required for insertion of the endoscope?
Bronchoscopy
49
All of the following structures are found within the mediastinum except:
diaphragm
50
What is the thickest part of the heart?
Myocardium
51
What is commonly used rib self- retaining retractor available in adult and pediatric sizes?
Finochietto
52
Which suture is frequently used for anastomosis of the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery in CABG?
6-0 or 7-0 polypropylene
53
Lung tissue has what kind of consistency?
Friable
54
Which structure is considered the "pacemaker" of the heart?
SA node
55
Following lung transplantation, the surgeon will perform which procedure to aspirate secretions and Check for leaks?
Bronchoscopy
56
What is the medical term for coughing up blood?
Hemoptysis
57
The main bronchi pulmonary arteries veins in lymphatic vessels enters the long on the medial surface through the:
hilum
58
Which portion of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the ascending aorta?
Left ventricle
59
The force and rate of contraction of the heart is controlled by which part of the Central nervous system?
Medulla oblongata
60
All of the following are components of the "heart-lung" machine except:
defibrillator
61
What is the name of the acute condition in which heart muscle dies from ischemia and may lead to sudden cardiac death?
Myocardial infarction
62
Which membrane covers the surface of the lungs?
Visceral pleura
63
Which heart value is also known as the bicuspid value?
Mitral
64
Which diagnostic study is considered the gold standard for evaluation of vascular disease?
Angiography
65
If a DVT from deep veins of the legs enter the Candi pulmonary system, what life threatening condition will likely occur?
Pulmonary embolus
66
Which is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
67
What is the specimen in an AAA procedure?
Thrombus
68
Which arterial aneurysm is more likely to rupture due to lack of detection over time?
Iliac
69
Which part of the artery is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Tunica media
70
The correct sequence of steps for an arteriotomy for embolectomy or thrombectomy is:
# 11 blade, potts-smith scissors. Small bore suction, insertion of fogarty catheter
71
What is the name of the condition that manifests by deep aching pain in the lower extremity during rest periods?
Claudication
72
Which of the following are used on tips of hemostats to prevent breaking a fine gauge monofilament sutures when tagged?
suture boots.
73
Which of the following Tunica is not part of the structure of the artery?
Vaginalis
74
Which of the following is the best choice for distal bypass graft in the lower extremity?
Saphenous vein
75
What are the loops and umbilical tapes commonly used for in vascular cases?
Ligation
76
Which vascular device is double movement for administration of chemotherapy and anabiotic therapy and IV fluid?
Groshong
77
What is done with an aneurysm sack in AAA repair ?
Anterior wall suture over the proximal graft.
78
What is the name of the condition that involves plaque or clots escaping from the femoral or iliac veins?
Deep vein thrombosis
79
The lumen veins are larger than the lumens of arteries..
True
80
Which diagnostic study provides the most detailed information for surgical planning in AAA repair?
Aortogram
81
What are the prep boards for a unilateral vein strip procedure?
Toes to groin circumferentially
82
What are the serrations of debakey and Cooley vascular instruments considered to be?
Atraumatic
83
What are the operative mortality rates of patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and shock?
>80%
84
Which vessels are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and metabolic waste?
Capillaries
85
How far beyond the atherosclerotic lesion should a balloon in angioplasty reach?
1-2 cm
86
Into which vessel is a double-lumen groshong catheter routinely inserted?
Right subclavian vein
87
What is the name of the frequently used balloon embolectomy catheter?
Fogarty
88
What is the configuration of the saphenous vein when stripped from the leg?
Vein avulsed and turned completely inside out
89
Dermal atrophy, hemorrhage, ulceration, and cellulitis are complications of:
varicose veins
90
Seven scope larger than the diameter of the vessel being scoped will most likely result in which of the following?
Vasodilation
91
What is the main obstacle of performing angioscopy?
Clear visibility
92
Where is the balloon dilator inserted percutaneously in coronary artery angioplasty?
Femoral artery
93
Which of the following is found only in veins?
Valves
94
Javid and argyle are examples of which type of device used in select vascular procedures?
Shunts
95
Peripheral vessel angioplasty stents may be made of all of the following except:
fascia lata
96
Are aneurysm clips an countable item?
Yes
97
What does craniotomy Involve?
Incising the cranium for access to the brain
98
What does the cranium enclose?
It encloses and protects the brain.
99
The cranium consist of eight bones, what are they?
One frontal bone, two parietal bones, one occipital bone, two temporal bones, the sphenoid bone, one ethmoid bone
100
Osteophytes are:
bony spurs
101
Posterior fossa craniotomy is performed for pathology involving the:
cerebellum
102
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
103
From which area is an autologous bone graft usually procured for anterior cervical fusion procedures?
Iliac crest.
104
Which surgical procedure treats compression of the median nerve by a transverse ligament?
Carpal tunnel release
105
What is the name of the horseshoe or pin fixation device for near surgical cranial positioning?
Mayfield
106
The instrument called a kerrison is an:
rongeur
107
Herniated nucleus pulposus is a congenital disorder that must be treated surgically in the neonate to prevent quadriplegia
- false
108
What is the name of the out folding convolutions of the brain?
Gyri
109
Where do most intracranial aneurysms occur?
Arterial bifurcations
110
Which instrument could be used for burr-hole cranial perforation if no powered equipment is available?
Hudson brace
111
Which instrument is used to extract pieces of the nucleus pulposus in a diskectomy?
Pituitary rongeur
112
Which of the following layered structures has the closest and most intimate contact with thebrain?
pia
113
Which facial sinus is used for surgical approach to a pituitary adenoma rather than traditional craniotomy?
Sphenoid
114
Which position is usually used for microdecompression endoscopic diskectomy?
Lateral
115
What is the name of the group of spinal nerves that continue from the distal spinal cord at about L- 2 in the average adult?
Cauda equine
116
What is the distal-most area of the spinal cord or spinal nerves called?
Filum Terminale
117
Which of the following bilateral paired nerves are the largest in the body and intervate the buttocks and lower extremities?
Sciatic
118
Pen field #I through #5 are:
Dissectors
119
How many vertebrae are there in the normal adult spine?
33
120
The skull flap can be reattached to the cranium by small titanium plates and screws on with stainless steel wire :
true
121
What is the name of the structure on which the pituitary gland sit?
Sella túrcica
122
Wilson, Andrew's and hall frames are examples of positioning devices used for:
lumbar hemilaminotomy
123
What is the name of the structure that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ?
Choroid plexus
124
What is the anatomical area where cerebrospinal fluid circulates oval all parts of the central nervous system?
Subarachnoid space
125
Which portion of the spinal column consists of five fused vertebrae in the average adult?
Sacrum
126
Which of the following are countable surgical sponges used in neurosurgical procedures to protect delicate tissues?
cottonoid patties
127
Into which anatomical structure or area is the distal catheter most often inserted in a V- P shunt procedure?
Peritoneal cavity
128
Which part of the vertebra projects most posteriorly and is often palpable through the skin in the convex areas of the spine?
Spinous process
129
Papaverine is used in craniotomy for aneurysm clipping to prevent:
vasospasm
130
The circle of Willis is a:
network of connected arteries at the base of the brain
