patho neuro

Question 1

setting sun appearance of eyes

Answer 1

hydrocephalus- child

Question 2

two types of hydrocephalus in adults

Answer 2

1. overproduction of CSH

2. brain atrophy and subsequent replacement of space with CSF ( Pressure is not high)

Question 3

1 congenital reason for mental retardation

Answer 3

trisomy 21 down’s syndrome

Question 4

small nose, large protruding tongue

Answer 4

down’s syndrome

Question 5

number one heritable mental retardation

Answer 5

fragile x

Question 6

progressive degeneration of white matter.

presents as irreversible decline of a previously well child( lose skills once had)

Answer 6

leukodystrophia

Question 7

treatment for phenylketonuria?

Answer 7

diet! avoid tyyptophan and phenylalaine

Question 8

children with mousy odor, self mutilation, seizures, severe behavioral disorders may have

Answer 8

phenylketonuria

Question 9

Tay Sachs is a lysosomal storage disease seen in ____who_____. see _______in both eyes

Answer 9

ashkenazi jews

cherry red spot

Question 10

liquifactive necrosis is characteristic of

Answer 10

cerebral infarction

Question 11

most common site for cerebral infarction

Answer 11

carotid bifurcation and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 12

symptoms of cerebral infarction at the carotid bifurcation and anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 12

mental status changes , contralateral hemiparesis, aphasia

Question 13

cerebral infarction at the vertebral artery and posterior cerebral arteries cause what symptoms

Answer 13

difficulty recognizing objects
loss of peripheral visual field with preservation of macular vision
impaired short term memory

Question 14

what causes embolism

Answer 14

infection, thrombi, fat, valv veg

Question 15

most common site of embolism

Answer 15

middle cerebral artery

Question 16

middle cerebral artery embolism results in

Answer 16

eye deviation toward side of infarct

contralateral swelling of hand and foot

Question 17

lacunar stroke

Answer 17

small vessel occlusion.

purely motor or purely sensory not both

Question 18

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 18

berry aneurism or AV malformation
artery drains directly into a vein
worst headache of my life 
blood in CSF
subhyoid retinal hemorrhage, papilledema

Question 19

low pressure venous bleed

Answer 19

subdural hemorrhage
between dura and arachnoid
symptoms come and go

Question 20

blunt trauma or acceleration/decelleration injury

Answer 20

subdural hemorrhage

Question 21

epidural hemorrhage

Answer 21

middle meningeal artery

fx of cranium

Question 22

lucid period

Answer 22

epidural hemorrhage

Question 23

biconvex appearance

Answer 23

epidural hemorrhage

Question 24

upper motor neuron injury= ___ paralysis

Answer 24

flaccid

Question 25

lower motor neuron injury=____ paralsis

Answer 25

spastic

Question 26

nagging pressure, weakness in legs, blader or colon malfunction

Answer 26

AV fistula

Question 27

``` change in personality, mood. depressed, fearful neurofibrillary tangles ( amyloid) ```

Answer 27

alzheimers= progressive dementia

Question 28

hirano bodies and amyloidal angiopathy

Answer 28

alzheimers

Question 29

constipation and daytime sleepiness

Answer 29

parksinsons

Question 30

bradykinesia | lewy bodies

Answer 30

parkinsons

Question 31

progressive dementia. psychiatric and behavioral chorea. onset 30-40

Answer 31

huntingtons

Question 32

rapidly progressing upper and lower motor neuron failure

Answer 32

ALS

Question 33

ALS die from

Answer 33

respiratory failure

Question 34

guillain barre is reversible because is caused by

Answer 34

effects only peripheral nerves as long as cell bodies survive, an regrow virus

Question 35

confined to CNS. Northern europeans. viral

Answer 35

MS

Question 36

charcots triad for MS

Answer 36

nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

Question 37

multiple oligoclonal bands of antibodies in CSF

Answer 37

MS

Question 38

weakness, sore tongue, parathesia

Answer 38

B12 deficincy

Question 39

caused by alcohol abuse= aggressive, dangerous, forget whole episodes from life. fucking weird hallucinations) resulting in poor memory, ataxia, b1 deficincy

Answer 39

wernike korakoff