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Patho Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Leukemia is a cancer of which of the following

A

Leukocytes

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2
Q

Which of the following hormones does the kidney secrete to increase red blood cell production?

A

Erythropoietin

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3
Q

Causes of aplastic anemia include all the following except

A

Food allergies

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4
Q

Which of the following is a life-threatening condition that occurs when tissue factor is exposed to blood?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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5
Q

A client states to the nurse I have just been diagnosed with hemophilia. I must have contracted that while using the same washcloth with my family members.

A

This is generally caused by a bleeding disorder, caused by a mutation in the chromosome

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6
Q

Which of the following assessment findings indicates alteration and homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

Fever

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7
Q

What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases?

A

Hand washing

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8
Q

Which term best describes the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position?

A

Dislocation

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9
Q

The nurse is reviewing the difference between rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding RA and OA?

A

The disease pattern of RA is usually UNILATERAL and affects a single joint, while OA is usually BILATERAL and in multiple joints

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10
Q

Which of the following is the complication of compartment syndrome?

A

Pain and Tissue Damage

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11
Q

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

A

Collecting duct > Renal pelvis > ureter > bladder

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12
Q

A five-year-old continues to wet the bed while sleeping and has even urinated during his kindergarten class in front of his peers. This condition is known as which of the following?

A

Enuresis

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13
Q

What signs and symptoms with the nurse expect to see in a client with asthma?

A

Wheezing, dyspnea, and coughing

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14
Q

Which of the following represents normal arterial blood gas values?

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
Paco2: 35-45
Pao2: 75-100
HCO3: 22-26

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15
Q

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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16
Q

Which of the following is associated with the client who has cystic fibrosis?

A

Excessive mucus secretions

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17
Q

Larygotracheobronchitis, also known as croup cough, typically manifests as which of the following?

A

Hoarse voice and barking cough

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18
Q

A client has acute respiratory failure, which of the following would a nurse expect to find?

A

Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia

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19
Q

Which of the following symptoms is associated with acute bronchitis?

A

Increased mucus production

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20
Q

A client presents with the following arterial blood gas results; pH 7.30
PaCo 55mmHg Hco3 24 mEq. This would be classified as which acid base in-balances?

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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21
Q

Which of the following would cause a client to experience gout?

A

Overproduction of Uric Acid

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22
Q

Which of the following represents the normal adult pH in blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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23
Q

What causes osteoporosis?

A

Bone loss during aging

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24
Q

Hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality are associated with a deficit of which of the following?

A

Water

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25
A client diagnosed with heart failure displays bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities; which of the following terms is used to describe this finding?
Sign
26
The role of the lungs maintaining acid base balance includes which of the following?
Elimination of Carbonic Acid
27
What is the cause of syphilis?
Anaerobic Spirochete
28
Which of the following can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and subsequent infertility?
Chlamydia
29
Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disorder of which of the following regions of the brain?
Basal ganglia or substantia nigra
30
Atrial Fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease and valvula prosthetics are the risk factors of which of the following types of strokes?
Embolic
31
Which of the following describes a transient ischemic attack?
A temporary episode of cerebral ischemia
32
What is the best way to prevent spinal cord injury?
Stabilization to prevent trauma to the spinal cord.
33
Which of the following describes the etiology of cerebrovascular accidents?
Lack of blood flow to part of the brain
34
Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles and abnormal vessels?
Arteriovenous malformation
35
The pathophysiology of which disease involves the inflammation of the trachea and bronchi often associated with viral infection?
Bronchitis
36
Risk factors for respiratory disorders include the following except which?
High protein diet
37
A collapsed lung caused by the escape of air into the plural cavity is called which of the following?
Pneumothorax
38
Which type of pneumonia is a result of foreign substances such as food, saliva, and common liquids entering the lungs?
Aspirations
39
Which of the following leads to the appearance of a barrel chest in a client with emphysema?
Air trapping in the alveoli
40
Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of exercise induced asthma?
Bronchospasm after exercise
41
Which of the following pH balance would be seen in a client with hypercapnia?
Respiratory Acidosis
42
A burn area in which the epidermis and parts of the dermis are destroyed, is classified as which of the following?
Partial thickness burn
43
A nurse caring for an adult client with a topic dermatitis which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Chronic rash with thick skin
44
What condition can be caused by excessive growth hormones released by the pituitary gland before the closure of the epiphyseal plate?
Giantism
45
What is the pathophysiology of type one diabetes?
Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in the inability to produce insulin
46
The steps of carcinogenesis include which of the following?
Initiation, promotion, and progression
47
Which of the following is an early symptom of cancer?
Fatigue
48
Which of the following conditions results from excessive immune responses?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
49
Which of the following describes passive immunity?
Transfer of antibodies from mother to baby.
50
Which of the following statements describes syphilis? SATA
It is caused by an anaerobic spirochete In severe cases, it can cause problems in the cardiovascular system and aortic necrosis It can cause damage to the central nervous system and cause blindness, paresis, and mental deterioration
51
Which of the following with the nurse expect to find when assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis? SATA
Lethargy Deep fast respirations
52
Which of the following could be a potential cause of valvular incompetence, leading to peripheral vascular disease, and chronic venous insufficiency?
Tobacco use Excessive weight or obesity Pregnancy Prolonged standing
53
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left side heart failure?
Cough with frothy sputum Paroxysmal nocturnal Dyspnea Crackles auscultated in the lungs
54
Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the under face of the penis. The nurse would document this condition as which of the following?
Hypospadias
55
A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client with suspected malignant tumor of the bladder. Which of the following with the nurse identify as the most common initial symptom?
Painless hematuria
56
Which of the following is a goal when treating anemia?
Improve tissue oxygenation
57
Which of the following is a compensatory mechanism for individuals with anemia?
Tachycardia
58
Which of the following is a cancer of the plasma cells that most often affects older adults?
Multiple myeloma
59
Acute chest pain syndrome, a potential life-threatening condition that causes chest pain dyspnea, and fever is associated with which of the following disorders?
Sickle cell disease
60
Pancytopenia is described as which of the following?
Lack of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
61
Which of the following types of leukemia primarily affects children?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
62
Clients experiencing sickle cell crisis would display which of the following clinical manifestations?
Pain and dyspnea
63
Clinical manifestation of Thrombocytopenic purpura include which of the following EXCEPT?
Vascular rash
64
Anemia can be caused by all of the following, except which?
Increased clotting cascade

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