Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ane Class Practice > Patho Respiratory-S3 > Flashcards

Patho Respiratory-S3 Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Movement of air into and out of the lungs?

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Movement of gases between air spaces in the lungs and the bloodstream?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to body organs and tissues?

A

Perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary system does what two things?

A

Ventilation and Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiovascular system does what?

A

Perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epiglottic, thyroid, cricoid cartilages?

A

Unpaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Artyenoids, corniculates, cuneiform cartilages?

A

Paired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type nerves supply the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior(recurrent) laryngeal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nerve divides into external and internal branches?

A

Superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nerve divides into left and right?

A

Inferior(recurrent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which nerve segment does inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx and cricothyroid muscles. Lengthens or increases tension and damage leads to hoarseness?

A

External segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which nerve enters the larynx and provides sensation to epiglottis down to vocal cords. Damage leads to difficulty phonating and full paralysis?

A

Internal segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This nerve descends with the vagus nerve and loops around the arch of the aorta?

A

Left nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This nerve travels with the vagus to subclavian artery and loops back up to the neck?

A

Right nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood supply to the larynx is from what?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This bronchus takes off at 25 degrees from trachea
Divides into 3 lobar bronchi
2-2.5 cm from the carina.

A

Right Bronchus

Most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This bronchus takes at 45 degrees from trachea
Divides into 2 lobar bronchi
mainstem is 4cm

A

Left Bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is the space between the lungs, containing the heart, great vessels and esophagus?

A

Mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The conducting airways which move air in and out contain?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What connects the larynx to the bronchi?

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This is the ridge where the trachea divides into the right left bronchi?

A

Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This is where the right and left bronchi enter the lungs, along with blood and lymph vessels?

A

Hila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

These cells produce mucus?

A

Goblet cells,
1L produced daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
These hairlike structures help propel foreign material upwards?
Cilia
26
The first generation of the lung lobes is called?
Mainstem
27
The third generation of the lung is the?
Segmental bronchi
28
These are the last structure perfused by the bronchial circulation and the end of the conducting airways?
Terminal bronchioles 16
29
Terminal bronchioles lead to ____ that are perfused by pulmonary circulation?
Respiratory bronchioles
30
First site of gas exchange begins where?
Respiratory bronchioles
31
What comes after the respiratory bronchioles?
Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
32
The gas exchange airways are?
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Alveoli (Acinus)
33
Primary gas exchange units are?
Alveoli (acinus)
34
These are the mean of collateral ventilation, equalize pressure and prevent lung collapse?
Pores of Kohn
35
Type I alveolar cells
Structure
36
Type II alveolar cells
Surfactant production, prevent lung collapse, contain macrophages
37
2 primary functions of respiratory airways and alveolar membrane?
1. Transport of respiratory gases 2. Production of a wide variety of local and humoral substances.
38
Conducting zone contains what?
The nose to the terminal bronchioles
39
If your patient cannot exceed dead space you are ventilating but not__?
Respirating
40
Gases in non-respiratory airways?
Anatomic deadspace
41
Non-perfused alveoli is what deadspace? Approx: 2 mL/kg
Alveolar deadspace
42
The respiratory zone is comprised of ?
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Sacs Alveoli WHERE GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS
43
Where does gas exchange occur?
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Sacs Alveoli
44
Which vascular system delivers mixed blood from right ventricle via 2 pulmonary arteries and after gas exchange to left atrium via 4 pulmonary veins?
Pulmonary vascular system
45
This capillary system adequately provides the metabolic and oxygen needs of the alvolar parenchyma?
Pulmonary capillary system
46
This vascular system provides oxygen to the conductive airways and pulmonary vessels?
Bronchial vascular system Absolute shunt of 2-5% CO
47
This circulation facilitates gas exchange. Delivers nutrients to lung tissue Blood reservoir for left ventricle Filtering system, removes clots and air.
Pulmonary Circulation Lower pressure than system
48
Pulmonary artery divides and enters the lung at the __?
Hilum
49
This is formed by shared alveolar and capillary walls and is where gas exchange occurs?
Alveolocapillary membrane Gas exchange occurs here
50
Which membrane is responsible for gas exchange?
Alveolocapillary membrane
51
Gas exchange airways are served by the ___ circulation?
Pulmonary Seperate divison of circulatory system
52
Bronchi and other lung structures are served by a branch of the systemic circulation?
Bronchial circulation 1% CO No gas exchange
53
PA>Pa>Pv
Zone 1 collapse
54
Pa>PA>Pv
Zone 2 Waterfall
55
Pa>Pv>PA
Zone 3 Distention
56
Which zone contains alveolar deadspace?
Zone 1
57
Normal V/Q ratio?
0.8
58
Anatomic shunt V/Q is 0 Cannot correct with increased Fi02 Which shunt?
Absolute shunt
59
Low but finite V/Q ratio can partially correct with increased Fi02 Which shunt?
Relative shunt
60
Effects of anesthesia on gas exchange?
Increased deadspace hypoventilation increased shunting increased scatered V/Q ratio Atelectasis Hypoxic vasoconstriction 2 MAC Prolonged high Fi02 >0.5 increase absolute shunt
61
Most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
Low Pa02
62
Membrane covering the lungs?
Visceral pleura
63
Membrane lining the thoracic cavity?
Parietal pleura
64
Minute volume calculation?
RR x TV
65
Alveolar ventilation is measured by what?
ABG
66
Respiratory center is located where?
In the brainstem, Pons specifically
67
Dorsal respiratory group does what?
Sets basic automatic rhythm, receives impulses from peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies.
68
Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers are located where?
Pons. Modify depth and rate of breathing
69
Reflects PaC02 Stimulated by H+ in CSF Increases respiratory rate and depth
Central chemoreceptors
70
Located in aorta and carotid bodies Stimulated by hypoxemia (PaO2) Responsible for increase in ventilation
Peripheral chemoreceptors
71
Central chemoreceptors are located where?
medulla and brainstem
72
Peripheral chemoreceptors are located where?
Carotid bodies and aorta body. Glossopharyngeal nerve
73
These receptors are sensitive to noxious substances and cause cough, bronchoconstriction and increased RR?
Irritant receptors
74
These receptors protect against excess lung inflation and decrease RR and volume?
Stretch receptors
75
These receptors are sensitive to increased pulmonary capillary pressure, shallow breathing, laryngeal constriction?
Juxtapulmonary capillary receptors J
76
These receptors cause smooth muscles to contract and control airway caliber?
Parasympathetic
77
These receptors cause smooth muscles to relax?
Sympathetic
78
What are the major muscles of inspiration?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
79
What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid and scalene
80
Accessory muscles of expiration?
Abdominal and internal intercostal NO major muscles as this is passive
81
Surfactant does what to surface tension?
Reduces surface tension to keep alveoli open and free of fluid
82
Low compliance is associated with?
Increased work of inspiration and stiff lungs
83
High compliance is associated with?
Increased work of expiration, easy to inflate and lost some elastic recoil
84
Four steps of delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body?
1. ventilation of lungs 2. diffusion of oxygen from alveoli into capillary blood 3. perfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood 4. diffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into cells
85
Perfusion exceeds ventilation where?
Base of lungs
86
Ventilation exceeds perfusion where?
Apex of lungs
87
What determines arterial oxygenation?
hemoglobin oxygen content
88
Right shift of oxyhemoglobin?
Decreased affinity= more unloading Low pH high CO2 high temp high 2-3 DPG
89
Left shift of oxyhemoglobin?
Increased affinity High pH low CO2 low temp low 2-3 DPG methemoglobin Fetal hemoglobin
90
Sickle cell anemia associated with which shift oxyhemoglobin?
Right shift
91
The oxyhemoglobin curve becomes very steep where?
90% or 60mmHg of O2
92
Normal P50?
26-27 mmHg
93
> 27mmHg p50 means?
Right shift
94
<26mmHg p50 means?
Left shift
95
CO2 carried in the blood in what 3 forms?
Bicarbonate 60% With proteins 30% Dissolved 10%
96
Deoxygenation of blood increases its ability to carry CO2 is called what?
Haldane effect
97
Most important storage source of oxygen?
O2 contained in the lungs at FRC
98
Increased dead space hypoventilation increased intrapulmonary shunting increased V/Q ratio Atelectasis all associated with what?
Anesthesia effects
99
The volume of air remaining in the lung after a maximal expiration, only lung volume not measured with a spirometer?
Residual volume
100
Lung volume at which the small airways in dependent parts of the lung begin to close?
Closing Capacity ACLSS
101
Maximum volume of air that can be forcefully expelled from the lungs following maximal inspiration?
Vital capacity
102
Volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration?
Total lung capacity
103
The volume of air remaining in the lung at the end of a normal expiration?
Functional residual capacity FRC
104
Problems with inspiration? Called
Extrathoracic
105
Problems with expiration? Called
Intrathoracic

Ane Class Practice (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions