Pathologies

Question 1

Parietal Pleura

Answer 1

membrane coverin entire chest wall; has pain receptors

Question 2

Visceral Pleura

Answer 2

membrane covering the entire lung within chest cavity

Question 3

pleural cavity

Answer 3

space between parietal and visceral pleura

Question 4

Pleural effusions

Answer 4

fluid build up in the pleural space

fix via needle decompression

Question 5

hemothorax

Answer 5

blood build up in pleura

Question 6

Empyema

Answer 6

Pus in the pleural space caused by an infection

Question 7

Pleurisy

Answer 7

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 8

Pnuemothorax

Answer 8

air entering the pleural space

Question 9

• hyperresonance, decreased breath sounds
• Tracheal deviation, compression of the lungs, mediastinum shift
• Treated by needle decompresesion in the 2nd interocastal space at the midclavicular line flollowed by tube thoracostomy

Answer 9

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 10

Atelectasis

Answer 10

lung tissue collapse

mediastinum shift towards the atelactasis

Question 11

• complete air obstruction in lung segment
• air trapping
• shunt

Answer 11

Respiratory atelectasis

Question 12

What type of atelectasis that has the following:

• pleural cavity is partially or completely filled with fluid, air, blood, or there is a tumor present
• this pushes on the lungs

Answer 12

Compression Atelectasis

Question 13

Inability to expand lungs fully caused bylocal or generalized fiboritic changes in the lung

Answer 13

Contraction atelectasis

Question 14

Asthma

Answer 14

Obstructive
3 main components
- aiway wall inflammation- mucosal edema
- bronchial smooth muscle contraction
- mucous production

Question 15

Asthma signs

Answer 15

S.O.B, difficulty exhaling (air trapping),Increased W.O.B, dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis, tachycardia, inc Te

Question 16

• increased Raw and loss of elastance involving small airways and alveoli
• 80-90% cases are smoking related

Answer 16

COPD

Question 17

• COPD subgroup- increased mucous prod due to inflammation of the bronchi
• overweight
• cyanotic–>inc Hb
• peripheral edema
• wheezing
• hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Answer 17

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 18

• COPD subgroup
• break down of elastin–> too floppy–> floppy lung–> air trapping
• Severe dyspnea
• quiet breaths
• hyperinflation with flat diaphragm

Answer 18

Emphysema

Question 19

• Heart cannot pump as efficiently due to CAD, high BP, myocardial infection, congenital heart defect

Answer 19

CHF

Question 20

CHF symptoms

Answer 20

SOB, edema in legs, irregular HR, PINK FOAMY MUCOUS, chest pain, fluid retention

Question 21

left sided CHF characterized by pink foamy phlegm

Answer 21

cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 22

infectious pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, toxin exposure, trauma, elevation

Answer 22

non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 23

acute symptoms of pulmonary edema

Answer 23

• extreme dyspnea-when lying down
• wheezing
• chest pain
• irregular HR

Question 24

chronic symptoms of pulmonary edema

Answer 24

• dyspnea when lying down
• wheezing
• SOB at night
• fatigue
• weight gain
• lower extremity edema

Question 25

RESTRICTIVE- infection of the lungs, deacreased in lung compliance

Answer 25

Pneumonia

Question 26

Symptoms of Pneumonia

Answer 26

Chest pain, dyspnea, productive cough, diaphoresis, fever, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue

Question 27

blood clot in the pulmonary circulation, usually from deep vein thrombosis (in leg) - emboli can make its way to the infeior vena cava and can lodge intself in the vessels in the lungs

Answer 27

pulmonary embolism

Question 28

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

- Dyspnea, chest pain (feels like a heart attack), cough, leg pain and swelling, cyanosis, fever, sweating, dizziness, irregular HR

Question 29

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Answer 29

intermittent pauses in breathing for more than 10s from an upper aiway blockage (most likely a soft tissue obst)

Question 30

severe and potentially life threathening allergic rxn | - rash, vomiting, weak pulse low BP, lethargy/fainting, upper airway swelling

Answer 30

anaphalaxis

Question 31

viral infection causing inflammation of the upper airway and trachea. Affects small children. Temporarily relieved by cold air to relieve swelling.

Answer 31

Croup

Question 32

hypocarbia

Answer 32

abnormal decrease of PaCO2

Question 33

hypercapnia

Answer 33

too much PaCO2

Question 34

define compliance

Answer 34

ease of dispenpensability or how elastic the lung is

Question 35

relationship between compliance and elastance

Answer 35

the more compliant the lung is the less elastic it is (less desire to return to its normal shape)