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BS1 Module 3 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

White sponge nevus cause, effects

A

Mutations in cytokeratins 4 or 13

Innocuous, leukoplakia

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2
Q

Pachyonychia Congenita causes, effects

A

Mutations in CKT 6, 16, 17

Leukoplakia, thickened skin (acral skin) and thick nailbeds, innocuous

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3
Q

General info: Epidermolysis Bullosa causes, effects

A

Connection between epidermis and CT severed.

Lifethreatening, skin cant heal, low lifespan

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4
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris causes, effects

A

Desmoglein 3 (desmosome deffect)

Blisters everywhere, skin peeling

Suprabasilar cleavage: basal cells still touching CT

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5
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus causes, effects

A

Demsoglien 1 (desmosome) defects

Suprabasilar cleavage: basal cells still touching CT

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6
Q

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid and bullous pemphigoid

A

Both caused by BP230 and 180, hemidesmosome mutations.

Mucous: mucosa
Bullous: skin

Sub basilar cleavage: basal cells not touching CT

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7
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: simplex

A

Simple: KRT 5 or 14, or plectin. Most mild

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8
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: junctional

A

XJunctional: Col XVII, int a6b4, laminin 332. Most severe, Amel. Imp

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9
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Dystrophic

A

Dystrophic: Col VII, risk of skin/oral cancer

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10
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Kindler

A

Kindler: effects all layers

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11
Q

Causes, effects of scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C, cant make collagen 1

Periodontal inflammation, lose teeth, bleeding

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12
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

Genetically and clinically heterogeneous

Insufficient collagen, issues 1,3,5

Stretchy skin, double jointed

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13
Q

Cutis Laxa

A

Elastin defect, saggy non stretchable skin

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14
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

Fibrillin Defect

Tall slender. Long arms, arched palate, aortic rupture

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15
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Developmental, tongue tied, short lingual frenulum

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16
Q

Leukoedema (trick question)

A

Not pathology, just variation of normal. Grey mucosa, disappears when stretched

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17
Q

Fordyce granules

A

Ectopic sebaceous glands

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18
Q

Geographic tongue, aka erythema migrans (trick q)

A

Variation of normal, splotches on tongue. Atrophy filiform papillae

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19
Q

Fissure tongue, trick

A

Ridges, normal

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20
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Filiform papillae overgrown

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21
Q

Ectodermal dysplasia info

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A

Heterogeneous generic issues with epithelium.

Most common: X-linked hypohidrotic ED, EDA gene.

AD: p63 gene mutation

Hypothrichosus(no hair), abnormal nails, hypohidrosis (no sweat)

Dental agenesis: hypodontia, oligodontia

22
Q

Warts

23
Q

Herpes

24
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

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A

Most common cancer
Erythroplakia, dark spots

25
Hirsutism
Too much hair
26
Hypertrichosis
Genetic disease, way too much hair, werewolves
27
Lichen planus
Lichen growing on nails, lines/peeling
28
Plummer-vinson syndrome
Nail beds flat/bend wrong. SEVERE iron defiiciency
29
MC1R variations
MC1R is receptor for melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH) MC1R polymorphism = freckles MC1R mutations (A.R. Inheritance): less eumelanin, red hair, UV sensitive.
30
Oral melanotic macule
Dark spot on lip, not from sun. More melanin, not more melanocytes
31
Nevus
A mole, less than 5mm
32
Melanoma and criteria
Dysplastic nevi, too many nevi A = asymmetry B = Border, irregular C = color uneven D = Diameter >6mm E = enlargement
33
Melasma
Irregular skin pigment on sun exposed face
34
Vitiligo
Autoimmune loss of melanin
35
Adrenocortical insufficiency
Addison disease MSH comes from ACTH Adrenal dysfunction, ACTH accumulates, diffuse pigmentation in skin and mucosa
36
Merkel cell carcinoma
Enlarged red mass Highly aggressive Merkel cell polyomavirus
37
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Kids cant go in sun. Genetically heterogeneous, but basically disruption in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), meaning UV damage is not repaired. UV sensitive, high rate of skin and lip cancer, and neural and eye issues
38
Pathological Effects of sunlight on lips
Loss of vermillion border (solar elastosis) Actinic cheilitis: white and red lips, bumpy Cancer: sun >smoking in lip cancer Herpes: cold sores
39
Pathological effects of sun on skin
Sunburn: blister, peeling Solar lentigo: liver spots Premature aging Actinic keratosis: precancerous red spots Cancer
40
Histopathology of sun exposure
Acanthosis: thick stratum spinosum Hyperkeratosis: thick stratum superficiale Melanosis: hyper melanin production Solar elastosis: abnormal elastic, thicker white spots in CT
41
Primary Sjögren syndrome
aka Sicca syndrome Xerodromia, xeropthalmia (dry eyes) Autoimmune, anti-salivary gland Parotid gland enlargement
42
Secondary Sjögren
Everything in sicca syndrome aand also other autoimmune issues
43
Sialorrhea
Excessive salivation. Anesthetic, denture, C.Palsy, jaw issue, acid reflux, rabies, heavy metal pisoning
44
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
Treacher-Collins Syndrome: decreased rRNA Cranio facial issues No parotid gland
45
Mucocele
Swollen bubble: rupture of salivary duct, often lower lip (trauma?)
46
Sialolithiasis
Salivary stones, usually submandibular
47
Acute bacterial sialadenitis
Means inflammation of salivary gland. Cant eat, swelling
48
Mumps
Epidemic parotitis Very contagious, all excretions infected. Bilateral parotid swelling
49
Pleomorphic adenoma
Benign salivary gland tumor
50
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Most common malignant salivary tumor A) parotid B) minor glands

BS1 Module 3 (1 decks)

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