Pathology 🩺

Question 1

what Contributes in the formation of bones?

Answer 1

Bone tissue along other connective tissue like cartilage, fibrous tissue, fat, blood vessels, nerves, and hemopoietic tissue

Question 2

what is the structural component of bones?

Answer 2

bone tissue

Question 3

structure of bones

Answer 3

Question 4

Composition Of bones

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the shape of collagen bundles of lamellar bone?

Answer 5

Long and parallel to each other

Question 6

What is the shape of collagen bundles of woven bone?

Answer 6

Short and irregular arrangement

Question 7

osteocytes of lamellar bone

Answer 7

Few, uniform, parallel to collagen bundles

Question 8

osteocytes of woven bone

Answer 8

Numerous, variable in size and shape, irregularly arranged

Question 8

what is the site of lamellar bone?

Answer 8

All bones of the adult skeleton

Question 9

what is the site of woven bone?

Answer 9

In developing fetus & in pathological conditions

Question 10

what are the characters and functions of lamellar bone?

Answer 10

• Slowly produced
• Highly organized
• Very strong
• Supports body weight

Question 11

what are the characters and functions of woven bone?

Answer 11

• Rapidly produced
• Less organized
• Low tensile strength
• Temporary support till lamellar bone is formed

Question 12

compare between lamellar and woven bone

Answer 12

Question 12

what is the site of osteochondroma?

Answer 12

• Common in femur, tibia, humerus, pelvis.
• Cortex of metaphysis

Question 13

what is osteochondroma formed of?

Answer 13

The tumor is formed of three layers:
- Pericondrioum.
- Hyaline cartilage.
- Trabeculae of woven bone with bone marrow spaces in between.

(Both bone and cartilage are of benign nature)

Question 14

specimen of osteochondroma

Answer 14

A Bony Swelling

Question 15

what is the shape of osteochondroma?

Answer 15

• Oval, polypoidal (wide from below and narrow from the upper part of the specimen).
• The narrow part (pedicle) was the site of attachment to the original bone.

Question 16

surface of osteochondroma

Answer 16

Smooth and lobulated.

Question 17

color of osteochondroma

Answer 17

Bluish gray.

Question 18

consistency of osteochondroma

Answer 18

Hard

Question 19

Cut surface of osteochondroma

Answer 19

Shows a core of cancellous bone covered by a bluish cartilagenous cap.

Question 20

what is the site of chondrosarcoma?

Answer 20

• Common in pelvis, ribs, femur, humerus, vertebrae.
• Central: medulla of diaphysis
• Peripheral: cortex or periosteum of metaphysis

Question 21

what forms chondrosarcoma?

Answer 21

Tumor is formed of:

• Lobules of cartilage showing: Bluish chondroid matrix & increased cellularity.
• The cells (chondrocytes) are present in lacunae. There are more than one cell in the same lacuna.
• The cells show features of malignancy ( large hyperchromatic nuclei, pleomorphism and mitotic activity).

Question 22

what is a specimen taken for chondrosarcoma of ribs?

Answer 22

Mass on the chest wall (Parts of ribs seen in the back of the specimen)

Question 23

description of chondrosarcoma of ribs

Answer 23

Description : - Site : ribs. - Size : 8x6 cm. - Shape : ovoid. - Consistency: firm. - Color : faint blue with necrosis and hemorrhage. - The bluish colour indicates the cartilaginous origin - Hemorrhage and necrosis are in favor of malignancy .

Question 24

what is the site of Giant cell tumor of bone?

Answer 24

- Common in femur, tibia, radius. - Epiphysis and metaphysis

Question 25

what is Giant cell tumor of bone formed of?

Answer 25

The tumor formed of: - Multinucleated giant cells which are uniformly distributed . These are reactive cells. - Stromal cells: In between the giant cells there are mononucleated spindle or oval cells. These are neoplastic cells. - Very little or no stroma, Hemorrhage and necrosis.

Question 26

what is the site of Ameloblastoma of the mandible?

Answer 26

The molar region of the mandible is the seat of a swelling

Question 27

description of Ameloblastoma of the mandible

Answer 27

- (Oval, 8x6 cm in size & project outwards ) - On bisection, multiple cystic cavities which are: 1.Variable in size & shape 2.Contain fluid of motor oil appearance - Most of the mandible is destroyed & replaced by the lesion

Question 28

description of Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)

Answer 28

- The synovium is thickened. - The inner surface shows many outgrowths. (villous & nodular structures) - They have a rusty brown discoloration due to hemosiderin deposition

Question 29

site of Giant cell Tumor of tendon sheath (localized)

Answer 29

- The base of the mounted fingers shows a circumscribed mass

Question 30

description of Giant cell Tumor of tendon sheath (localized)

Answer 30

- Oval in shape. - 10x6 cm in size - Firm in consistency

Question 31

cut section of Giant cell Tumor of tendon sheath (localized)

Answer 31

grayish white tissue, black hemorrhagic areas admixed with yellow necrotic areas.

Question 32

State of the neighboring tendon to Giant cell Tumor of tendon sheath (localized)

Answer 32

The neighboring tendon is free