Pathology 6 - MSK

Question 1

Osgood-schlatter disease - other names

Answer 1

traction apophysitis

Question 2

Osgood-schlatter disease - causes

Answer 2

repetitive tension to the patellar tendon over the tibial tuberosity in young athletes

this can result in a small avulsion of the tuberosity and swelling

Question 3

Osgood-schlatter disease - signs and sym

Answer 3

point tenderness over the patella tendon at the insertion on the tibial tubercles

antalgic gait

pain with increasing activity

Question 4

Osgood-schlatter disease - treatment conservative

Answer 4

education

icing

flexibility exercises

elimiting activities that place strain on the patella tendon such as squatting, running or jumping

Question 5

Osgood-schlatter disease - age of onset

Answer 5

period of growth or puberty

Question 6

Osgood-schlatter disease - reproduction of symptoms

Answer 6

resisted knee ext

Question 7

Osgood-schlatter disease - imaging

Answer 7

xray - used to confirm diagnosis and rule out other patho

Question 8

Osgood-schlatter disease - infrapatella strap

Answer 8

used to distribute forces

Question 9

Osgood-schlatter disease - surgical intervention

Answer 9

rare- used in patients that do respond well to conservative treatment

conservative treatment is successful in the majority of cases

Question 10

Osgood-schlatter disease - how long do sym last for

Answer 10

weeks or months before decreasing

sym can last for a number of years before the tibial growth plates close

Question 11

OA - chronic or acute disease

Answer 11

chronic

Question 12

OA - patho

Answer 12

causes degeneration of the art cart

subsequent thickening of the subchondral bone

Question 13

OA - effect primary what joints

Answer 13

weight bearing

Question 14

OA - more in men or women

Answer 14

men up to 55

women past 55

Question 15

OA - risk factors

Answer 15

overweight

fractures (or other joint injuries)

occupation or athletic overuse

Question 16

OA - sign and sym

Answer 16

gradual onset of pain

increase pain after activity

increased pain with weather chnages

enlarge joints

crepitus

stiffness

limited ROM

heberden’s nodes and bouchard’s nodes

Question 17

what are heberden’s nodes

Answer 17

bony bumps that develop on the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the fingers

Question 18

what are bouchard’s nodes

Answer 18

bony bumps that develop on the middle joint of a finger

Question 19

OA - blood test

Answer 19

blood test are not helpful in diagnosing OA

Question 20

OA - radiographs

Answer 20

show the diminished joint space

Question 21

OA - goal of treatment

Answer 21

decrease pain and improve functio, and protect the joint

Question 22

what is viscosupplementation

Answer 22

a treatment that involves injecting hyaluronic acid into a joint to reduce pain and improve joint function

sometime used to treat oA

Question 23

should we use TENs or other forms of electric stimulation of rOA

Answer 23

nope

Question 24

should we used bracing for OA

Answer 24

nope

Question 25

what is primary OA vs secondary OA

Answer 25

primary - related to aging progress, old secondary - degenerative disease of the synovial joints that result form some predisposing condition (trauma) that has adversly altered the art cart, young

Question 26

warmth of the joint and effusion and OA

Answer 26

warmth over the joints is not normally present but effusion

Question 27

what is the shoulder capsular pattern

Answer 27

ER> abd/flex > IR

Question 28

what is the hip capsular pattern

Answer 28

IR> abd > flex

Question 29

heberden's nodes and bouchard's nodes more in women or men

Answer 29

women

Question 30

psoriatic arthy - what is it

Answer 30

Rhematic condition inflammation arthy that is often seen with psoriatic lesions

Question 31

psoriatic arthy - presentation

Answer 31

skin lesions -silver grey scaly spots on the scalp, elbs, knee and the spine pitting of the finger nails and toe nails pain and swelling in one or more joint

Question 32

psoriatic arthy - what population

Answer 32

20-50 in men and women

Question 33

Osteochondritis Dissecans - what is it

Answer 33

condition where subchondral bone and its associated cart crack and separate from the associated bone

Question 34

Osteochondritis Dissecans - cause

Answer 34

unkown thought to be secondary to loss of blood flow to the affected area possible 2/2 rep microtrauma - causes the bone to die and seperate

Question 35

Osteochondritis Dissecans - primaryly effects what areas

Answer 35

knee elb and ankle

Question 36

Osteochondritis Dissecans - symptoms

Answer 36

depends where the separation is with functional activities: - locking or popping - weakness - swelling - decreased ROM

Question 37

Osteochondritis Dissecans - imaging

Answer 37

xray, CT, MRI - can be used to confirm

Question 38

Osteochondritis Dissecans - special test

Answer 38

wilson's test

Question 39

Osteomyelitis - what is it

Answer 39

an infection that occurs within the bone

Question 40

Osteomyelitis - what is it normally secondary to

Answer 40

staphylococcus within the bone

Question 41

what is staphylococcus

Answer 41

The bacteria that cause staph infections live harmlessly on many people's skin, often in the nose and armpits and on the buttocks. They usually only cause an infection if they get into the skin – for example, through a bite or cut.

Question 42

Osteomyelitis - what events can lead to this

Answer 42

any event where the bone is damaged exposing it to microbes - surgical - compound fractures - puncture wounds

Question 43

Osteomyelitis - signs and syms

Answer 43

like other infections - systematic: fever and chills - localized: pain, edema, and erythema - secondary to a wound: change in the wound characteristics

Question 44

Osteomyelitis - imaging

Answer 44

bone biopsy - most conculsive xray, MRI, US, PET > may provide extra infromation

Question 45

what is a PET scan

Answer 45

positron emission tomography (PET) scan shows how well organs and tissues are working used to diagnose and monitor conditions like cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders

Question 46

Osteomyelitis - lab signs

Answer 46

increase in WBC