Pathology Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
What drug can cause Gray Baby Syndrome and aplastic anemia?
A
Chloramphenicol
2
Q
Surgical connection between two structures
A
Anastomosis
3
Q
Bevel angle
A
27-32 degrees
4
Q
Record of BB donor/recipient records
A
Indefinitely
5
Q
Surgical pathology reports
A
10 yrs
6
Q
Cytogenetic reports
A
20 yrs
7
Q
Cytogenetics diagnostic images record
A
20 yrs
8
Q
Surgical Pathology and Cytology
Releasing of Results
A
Within 24 hrs
9
Q
Frozen Section
Releasing of results
A
5-15 minutes
10
Q
Autopsy Report
Releasing of Results
A
1 week
11
Q
Copies of Report
A
1 Doctor
1 Patient
1 File
12
Q
Processing of Tissues
FDDCIETSSML (11 steps)
A
F Fixation D Decalcification D Dehydration C Clearing / Dealcoholization I Impregnation/ Infiltration E Embedding / Casting / Blocking T Trimming S Sectioning/ Microtomy S Staining M Mounting L Labeling
13
Q
Primary purpose of Fixation
A
Preserve the morphological and chemical integrity of the cell
14
Q
Secondary purpose of fixation
A
Harden and protect the tissue
15
Q
Most important reaction of fixation
A
Stabilization of proteins by cross linking
16
Q
Electron Microscopy Temperature
A
0-4 deg Celsius
17
Q
Speed of fixation
A
1 mm per hr
18
Q
Volume
A
10-20:1
19
Q
Reference Lab of Histopath
A
National Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI)
20
Q
8 examples of Microanatomical Fixatives
A
- 10% NBF
- 10% Formol Saline
- Formol Sublimate
- Zenker’s Formol
- Zenker’s
- Heidenhein’s Susa
- Bouin’s
- Brasil’s
21
Q
Nuclear Fixative char.
And examples
A
(+) glacial acetic acid <4.6 pH 20-22 deg Celsius BeNCH Fix B - Bouin’s N - Newcomer’s C - Carnoy’s Fluid H - Heidenhein’s
Fix - Flemming’s
22
Q
Cytoplasmic Fixative char
And examples
A
pH >4.6
(-) glacial HAc
ROHFFour R - Regaud’s O - Orth’s H - Helly’a F - Flemming’s w/o HAc Four - Formalin with Post Chromatization
23
Q
Alcoholic formalin (Gendre’s) purpose
A
Mucus containing specimen
24
Q
Another name for Heidenhain’s Susa
A
Acid Mercuric Chloride
25
Another name for Regaud’s Fluid And purpose
Muller’s
| -chromatin, mitochondria, golgi bodies, colloid containing tissue (thyroid)
26
Metallic fixatives (3 classes)
Mercuric Chloride
Chromate Fixative
Lead Fixative
27
Mercuric Chloride Fixatives (7)
```
Zenker’s Fluid
Zenker’s Formol (Helly’s)
Heidenhain’s Susa
B-5 Fixative
Ohlmacher’s Fluid
Schaudinn’s Fluid
Carnoy-Lebrum solution
```
28
Chromate Fixative (4)
Chromic acid
Potassium dichromate
Regaud’s fluid (Muller’s)
Orth’s fluid
29
How to remove Picric Acid yellow color
| And 2 examples
70% ethanol + 5% sodium thiosulfate
Bouin’s solution
Brasil’s Alcoholic Picroformol
30
At what temperature does Glacial Acetic Acid solidify
17 deg celsius
31
Alcohol Fixatives (6)
```
Methanol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Ethanol
Carnoy’s fluid
Newcomer’s fluid
Alcoholic formalin
```
32
Osmium tetroxide / Osmic Acid
| Char and examples
Inhibits hematoxylin
Causes conjunctivitis or blindness
Kept in dark colored storage (reduction by sunlight prevention)
Flemming’s with or without HAc
33
Acetone purpose
For water diffusible enzyme studies and brain studies (e.g. rabies)
34
Fixatives for Electron Microscopy
```
Glutaraldehyde
Platinic Chloride
Platinic Chloride formalin
Gold Chloride
Osmium tetroxide (osmium tetroxide)
10% NBF
```
35
How to remove Chromate pigment
Acid-alcohol
36
How to remove black precipitate crystals?
Cold water
37
Hydrochloric Acid example and purpose
Von Ebner’s Fluid - teeth and small pieces of bones
38
Fixative and Decalcifying Agent
5% Formic Acid
Trichloroacetic Acid
Chromic Acid
39
Tissue Softeners
4% aqueous phenol
Molliflex
2% HCl
1% HCl in 70% Alcohol
40
Inaccurate test to measure completeness of decalcification
Physical or Mechanical
41
Most accurate and reliable but expensive test to measure completeness of decalcification
X-ray
42
Most commonly used technique to measure completeness of decalcification
Chemical Method (calcium oxalate test)
43
Ratio of dehydrating agent and tissue
10:1
44
Plants and animals microtechnique dehydrating agent
Butanol
45
Another name for cellosolve (dehydrating agent)
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
46
Another name for dioxane (dehydrating agent)
Diethylene dioxide
47
Both dehydrating and clearing agent
Diethylene dioxide
| Tetrahydrofuran
48
Requirements of a clearing agent
1. Miscible with paraffin
2. High refraction index
3. Makes tissue transparent due to their RFI
49
Refractive Index (RFI)
1.518
50
Clearing Agent for double embedding technique
Methyl Benzoate and Salicylate
51
Clearing Agent for CNS specimen
Cedarwood Oil
52
Clearing Agent for fine and delicate specimen
Aniline oil
53
Melting point of paraffin
56 deg Celsius
54
Temp of paraffin oven
+ 2-5 deg Celsius of 56 deg Celsius
55
Temp of Flotation or Water Bath
(-) 6-10 deg Celsius of 56 deg Celsius
56
Another name for Carbowax and char
Water soluble wax - composed of polyethylene glycol (no dehydration and clearing)
57
Purified nitrocellulose (carbohydrate) impregnating media
Celloidin - for specimen with large hollow cavity
58
Shape for sectioning
Truncated pyramid or 4-sided prism
59
Disposable embedding molds (3)
Paper boats
Peel Away
Plastic Ice Trays
60
Rocking Microtome is also known as
| And proponent
Cambridge Microtome
| Paldwell Trefall
61
Rotary Microtome is also known as
Minot
62
Sliding Microtome proponent and two types
Adams
- base Sledge (moving block holder)
- Standard Sliding (knife moving so dangerous)
63
Freezing Microtome proponent
Queckett
64
What microtome
| Is used for electron microscopy?
Ultrathin Microtome
65
Microtome for unfrozen, unfixed specimen for enzyme demonstration?
Vibrotome
66
Plane concave knife
| Measurement
25 mm
Less concave - celloidin (sliding)
More concave - paraffin (rotary and rocking)
67
Biconcave
| Measurement
120 mm
| Rotary - paraffin
68
Plane Wedge Knife
| Measurement
100 mm
| Both sides are straight (for frozen sections)
69
Wedge Angle
14-15 deg Celsius
70
Angle formed between the cutting edge
Bevel Angle (27-32)
71
Angle formed by the sides of the wedge knives
Wedge Angle (14-15)
72
Angle formed between the cutting facet presenting to the block and the surface of the block
Clearance Angle (5-15)
73
Removal of gross nicks
Honing
74
Direction of Honing
Heel to Toe (Edge first)
75
Hones that give the Best result
Belgium Yellow
76
Hones that have more polishing effect
Arkansas
77
Hones for badly nicked knives
Fine Carborundum
78
Removal of burr
Stropping
79
Direction of stropping
Toe to heel (Edge Last)
80
Purpose of honing
Remove irregularities from the knife
81
Purpose of stropping
Polish and sharpen the cutting edge
82
Giving color to the sections using aqueous or alcoholic dye solution
Direct Staining
83
Action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent (mordant or accentuator)
Indirect staining
84
Link or bridge between the tissue and the dye
Mordant
85
Speeds up the staining process
Accentuator
86
Dyes used has a staining color that is different from that of the stain itself
Metachromatic Stain
87
Dye with the same color as the stain
Orthochromatic Staining
88
Staining is done by injecting the dye into any parts of the animal body
Intravital Staining
89
Ex of Intravital Staining
Lithium
Carmine
India Ink
90
Stain living cells immediately after removal from living body
Supravital Staining
91
Ex of Supravital staining
Methylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue
92
Carmine + aluminum chloride =
Best Carmine
93
Vegetable dye extracted from lichens normally colorless
| -treated with ammonia and exposed to air to produce blue or violet color
Orcein
94
Another name
| For synthetic Dyes
Coal Tar Dyes
95
Coloring Property
Chromophore
96
Dyeing Property
Auxochrome
