Pathology Flashcards
what epithelium is the anterior surface of the lens made up of?
simple cuboidal epithelium (no malignancies are reported from this)
describe the pathology of cataracts
epithelium in the lens matures and cell contents are replaced and the nuclei disappears
cell outline is left and becomes a fibre
there is degenerative change to the fibre resulting in opacification
associations with cataracts
worse repair mechanisms in old age UVB cumulation hypertension smoking post-op trauma metabolic disorders (diabetes) genetics drugs
define glaucoma
abnormal increase in pressure in the eye relating to the amount of vitreous and aqueous humour which normally drains through the trabecular meshwork
two types of glaucoma
- open angle
2. closed angle
define open angle glaucoma
poor drainage through meshwork
slow onset
asymptomatic
define closed angle glaucoma
iris pushed forward due to excess fluid blocking the canal of schlemm
presentation of closed angle glaucoma
acute red eye
visual loss
headache
N&V
what causes cupping of the disc?
raised IOP damaging disc and nerve
describe the appearance of cupping
edges of the disc roll up and centre is depressed
define papilloedema
swelling of the optic nerve/disc, specific to raised ICP
define scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
presentation of scleritis
pain on movement (can wake patient)
underlying immune cause (HLA-B27 e.g. SLE, consider AI if multiple presentations)
what conditions is most scleritis associated with?
RA
Wegener’s granulomatosis
two types of ARMD
- dry
2. wet
