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Flashcards in Pathology Deck (18)
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1
Q

Pyelonephritis vs glomerulonephritis?

A

pyelonephritis is inflammation of the whole nephron as opposed to just the glomerulus

2
Q

Spike and dome appearance?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

3
Q

Tram track appearance?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis as GBM is built on top of deposits

4
Q

Are acquired cysts common?

A

yes and usually of no consequence

5
Q

What are acquired cysts often associated with?

A

long term dialysis

6
Q

What is the most common primary malignant renal tumour?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

7
Q

4 histological variants of renal cell carcinoma in order of most to least

A

Clear cell
Papillary
Chromophobe
Collecting duct

8
Q

4 things renal cell carcinoma is associated with?

A

cigarette smoking, obesity, cystic changes in patients on haemodialysis, genetic predisposition e.g. VHL.

9
Q

Describe a paediatric renal tumour?

A

Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumour) is one of the commonest malignant tumours of childhood presenting between 2-5 yrs. About 10% are bilateral. It is an embryonic type of tumour

10
Q

Describe what a renal cell carcinoma looks like?

A

circumscribed yellow tumour

11
Q

How does a renal cell carcinoma tend to spread?

A

Haematogenously
Venous spread
Spreads to lungs and bones (cannon ball metastases in the lungs)

12
Q

Name a benign renal tumour

A

Onocytoma

13
Q

Describe the appearance of an onocytoma?

A

Small, oval and well circumscribed
Mahogany brown with a central stellate scar
Very pink and granular cytoplasm due to lots of mitochondria

14
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

Accumulation of fluid around the testes. Between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis mesothelial lining

15
Q

Is a hydrocoele transilluminable?

A

Yes

16
Q

What is a spermatocoele?

A

Cystic change in the vas of the epididymis, typically contains sperm

17
Q

What is varicoele?

A

A dilated plexus of veins along the spermatic cord.

18
Q

What is the most common cancer of the testes?

A

Seminoma