Pathology And Microbiology

Question 1

Early enamel demineralisation - presentation of this area?

Answer 1

White spot lesion

Question 2

Dentine is the calcified tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth structure and composed of what?

Answer 2

Hollow tubes (containing the nerve fibrils of the pulp tissue)

Question 3

What is the ideal concentration of flouride artificially added to a water supply?

Answer 3

1 part per million (1ppm)

Question 4

Fungal infection that occurs in denture weares

Answer 4

Denture stomatitis (candida albicans)

Question 5

Normal pH level of the oral cavity

Answer 5

pH 7.0

Question 6

Criticial pH level of the oral cavity

Answer 6

pH 5.5

Question 7

Medication that causes dry mouth (xerostomia)?

Answer 7

Diuretics ‘water tablets’

Question 8

Patient suffers severe oral pain, halitosis and ulcerated gingivae (signs and symptoms of acute necrotising ulcerative gingitivis) An oral infection by which microorganisms is involved?

Answer 8

Borrelia vincenti

Question 9

Scaler instrument for subgingival calculus

Answer 9

Curette and Hoe

Question 10

Instrument used to clean off interdental calculus

Answer 10

Cushing scaler

Question 11

Hand instrument to clean off supragingival calculus

Answer 11

Sickle scaler
Jaquette scaler
Push scaler

Question 12

An infection not caused by a microorganism? (It is caused by specialised protein called a ‘prion’)

Answer 12

Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease “mad cow disease”

Question 13

Incisal edge and occlusal surface wear, habitual grinding their teeth (bruxism)

Answer 13

Attrition

Question 14

Cervical margin wear, result of vigorous toothbrushing

Answer 14

Abrasion

Question 15

Palatal and labial surface loss due to acid attack

Answer 15

Erosion

Question 16

Surface loss due to tooth fracture usual affects the cervical areas of heavily loaded teeth

Answer 16

Abfraction

Question 17

Oral cancer, a condition that has been linked to tobacco use and high alcohol intake. Where it is most likely to manifest?

Answer 17

Squamous cell carcinoma (especially sides of the tongue, and floor of the mouth)

Question 18

Shallow break in the tissue surface, often painful, bleeds when touched

Answer 18

Ulcer

Question 19

Abnormal overgrowth of tissue cells

Answer 19

Tumours

Question 20

Abnormal fluid-filled sacs within the tissues

Answer 20

Cysts

Question 21

Invasion of the tissues by microorganisms

Answer 21

Infection

Question 22

Virus causes ‘cold sore’?

Answer 22

Herpes simplex

Question 23

Virus causes glandular fever

Answer 23

Epstein-barr

Question 24

Virus causes chickenpox and shingles

Answer 24

Herpes varicella and zoster

Question 25

Virus causes mumps

Answer 25

Paramyxovirus

Question 26

Which microorganism that has been linked to acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis (acute periodontal condition)?

Answer 26

Bacillus fusiformis and Borrelia vincenti

Question 27

One of the bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis

Answer 27

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 28

Initial microorganism that causes caries

Answer 28

Streptococcus mutans

Question 29

Which analgesics should be avoided in asthmatic patients?

Answer 29

Ibuprofen

Question 30

Signs of periodontitis

Answer 30

Furcation lesions Subgingival calculus Tooth mobility True pockets

Question 31

One of the sign of chronic gingivitis

Answer 31

Gingival hyperplasia (causes gums to overgrow)

Question 32

Drug to treat denture stomatitis?

Answer 32

Nystatin

Question 33

Slow-growing abnormal sac of fluid within the tissues

Answer 33

Cyst

Question 34

Term describes when pus manages to spread into the surrounding tissues

Answer 34

Cellulitis

Question 35

Medical term for white blood cells?

Answer 35

Leucocytes

Question 36

Medical term for red blood cells

Answer 36

Erythrocytes

Question 37

Medical term for platelets

Answer 37

Thrombocytes

Question 38

Leucocytes (white blood cells) are made and released from?

Answer 38

Bone marrow

Question 39

Cell that transport oxygen around the body

Answer 39

Erythrocytes (red blood cell)

Question 40

Blood cells that form platelets for blood clotting

Answer 40

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 41

Bacteria that thrive in areas of low oxygen availability

Answer 41

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 42

Bacteria that thrive in areas of high oxygen availability

Answer 42

Aerobic bacteria

Question 43

Specific antibiotic used for many perio conditions

Answer 43

Metronidazole

Question 44

Bacteria that is shaped like round-ended rods?

Answer 44

Lactobacilli

Question 45

Pointed rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 45

Bacilli

Question 46

Circular shape arranged in chain

Answer 46

Streptococcus

Question 47

Circular shape arranged in grape-like cluster

Answer 47

Staphylococcus

Question 48

Spiral-shaped bacteria

Answer 48

Spirochaetes

Question 49

Patient are more at risk to develop perio disease because of prescribed drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia (which making plaque control difficult)

Answer 49

Nifedipine (medication for angina or hypertension)

Question 50

When a sound tooth undergoes carious attack, which most likely point of the tooth the patient will begin to feel sensation?

Answer 50

At the amelodentinal junction

Question 51

Microorganisms possesses “hyphae”

Answer 51

Fungi

Question 52

Bacteria linked to periodontal disease

Answer 52

``` Actinomyces Bacillus Porphyromonas Treponema Prevotella intermedia ```