Pathology - Bones

Question 0

exostosis

Answer 0

• bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone
• osteochondromas (cartilage and bone) are benign exostoses found on metaphyses of long bones
• bunion is the swelling of the joint near the base of the big toe

Question 1

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 1

-rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often in children

Question 2

fracture

Answer 2

• traumatic breaking of a bone
• simple (closed) fracture: no open wound
• compound (open) fracture: bone protrudes thru skin

Question 3

reduction
closed reduction
open reduction

Answer 3

• restoration of bone to normal position
• closed: reduction without surgical incision
• open: reduction made with incision

Question 4

ORIF

Answer 4

• open reduction, internal fixation

- usually with pins, screws, rods, plates

Question 5

colles

Answer 5

-fracture near the wrist

Question 6

comminuted

Answer 6

-bone is splintered and crushed

Question 7

compression

Answer 7

• bone collapses or is compressed

- in vertebrae

Question 8

greenstick

Answer 8

-bone is partially broken; bends on one surface

Question 9

impacted

Answer 9

-one fragment driven into another

Question 10

osteogenic sarcoma

osteosarcoma

Answer 10

-common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children/adolescents

Question 11

osteomalacia

Answer 11

• softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of calcium in the bone
• known as rickets in children

Question 12

osteomyelitis

Answer 12

• inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
• abscess can form

Question 13

osteoporosis

Answer 13

• decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
• also osteopenia

Question 14

talipes

Answer 14

• congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
• most common is talipes equinovarus or clubfoot