Pathology- Ch.26 Joints Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is another name for osteoarthritis?
-degenerative joint disease
What is primary and secondary osteoarthritis?
Primary- age related or arising without any causative agent
Secondary- injury
What is the process and morphology of OA?
- chondrocyte proliferate at first, then weaken and slough off exposing the bone.
- bone is polished to an ivory appearence
What are the most commly affected sites of OA in men and women?
Men: hips
Women: Knees and hands
Is OA a primarily inflammatory disease?
-NO, it is an intrinsic disease of cartilage
Changes in what hormone can be responsible for OA?
-Estrogen decrease
Is rhematoid arthritis an inflammatory disease? What are the primarily affected areas?
- yes
- joints
What does rhematoid arthritis cause in the joints?
-stiffness and ankylosis
What kind of cells populate the synovium in rhematoid arthritis?
-CD4+, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and other immunologic cells
What is the allele thought to be responsible for rhematoid arthritis?
HLA-DRB1
Under what age is arthritis considered to be juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
16
What are the differences between RA and JIA?
- large joints affected
- systemic more common
- Rheumatoid factor is absent
- ANA sero +
What causes gout?
- excess uric acid
- hyperuricemia does not always lead to gout
What are the symptoms of gout?
-recurrent episodes of arthritis due to crystalline aggregates
–>monosodium urate crystals
What are the causes of primary and secondary gout?
Primary Gout (too much in): diet and enzyme defects
Secondary gout(not enough out): cancer (increased turnover), errors of metabolism and reduced excretion
Why do monosodium urate crystals cause inflammation?
- they are chemotactic agents
- ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT C3a and C5a which leads to accumilation of neutrophils and macrophages in the joints
- activation of complement leads to phagocytosis and release of txoci free radicle and leukotriene–B4
Which pro-inflammatory mediators play a role in gout?
IL-1
TNF
IL-6
IL-8
Deposition of what chemical is responsible for pseudo-gout?
Calcium pyrophosphate crystals (called calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposit disease CPPD)
What are the three kinds of CPPD?
-idiopathic, hereditary and secondary
How is hereditary CPPD different from other forms? What causes it?
- it develops much earlier in life and is associated with OA
- Caused by a germline mutation in ANKH (pyrophosphate channel)
What is secondary CPPD associated with?
-vairous disorder:
–previous joint damage
–hemochromatosis
–hypomagnesemia
–hypothyroidism
–diabetes
What are more common, benign soft tumors or malignant?
-benign by a factor of about 100
What are teh causes of soft tissue tumors/lesions?
reallly unknown.
- chemicals, radiation
- Kaposi sarcoma associated with HSV8
most occur sporadically
What are three common genetically linked tumors?
- NF1
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Osler-Erber-Rendu syndrome
