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Pathology high yield Flashcards

buzz words, pathognomonics, from every lecture with a nichols handout (104 cards)

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1
Q

Foot process effacement

A

Minimal change disease

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2
Q

Spike and dome

A

Membranous nephropathy (new GBM represent the spikes that project between the subepithelial immune complexes (domes))

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3
Q

Subepithelial humps

A

Post infectious glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Tram tracks

A

MPGN

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5
Q

Basketweave

A

Alport syndrome

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6
Q

Wire loops

A

Lupus nephritis

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7
Q

Onion skin appearance

A

Hypertensive nephropathy (glomeruli) OR scleroderma (glomeruli) OR thrombotic microangiopathies (vessels)

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8
Q

Proteinuria

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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9
Q

RBC casts

A

Glomerular inflammation (nephritic syndrome)

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10
Q

Fatty casts

A

Nephrotic syndrome (due to hyperlipidemia)

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11
Q

Flea bitten kidney

A

malignant hypertension

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12
Q

mutations in Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)

A

increased risk for hypertensive nephropathy, FSGS, HIV nephropathy

provides resistance to Trypanosoma b. rhodesiense (african sleeping sickness)

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13
Q

antibodies to noncollagenous (NC) domain of alpha3 chain of type 4 collagen in the GBM

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-GBM)

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14
Q

how to treat anti-GBM disease

A

plasmapheresis

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15
Q

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

A

crescentic glomerulonephritis

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16
Q

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells

A

crescentic glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

nephrin and podocin mutations

A

congenital nephrotic syndromes

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18
Q

glomerular cells that provide structural support and have phagocytic and contractile properties

A

mesangial cells

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19
Q

immune complex deposition in mesangium

A

IgA nephropathy

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20
Q

subendothelial deposition of immune complexes against the GBM with a linear IF pattern

A

Goodpastures (anti-GBM)

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21
Q

antibodies against podocyte cell membranes

A

membranous nephropathy

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22
Q

granular deposits on IF

A

Any disease with immune complex formation

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23
Q

example of a subendothelial deposition of immune complexes

A

Lupus

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24
Q

no IF detection

A

pauci-immune GN

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25
advanced glycation end-products (AGE)
diabetic nephropathy
26
arterionephrosclerosis
globally sclerotic glomeruli seen in hypertensive nephropathy
27
fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles
malignant hypertension (fibrinoid necrosis is characteristic but not specific for malignant HTN)
28
hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
malignant HTN/onion skin appearance (hyperplastic arteriosclerosis is characteristic but not specific for malignant HTN)
29
muddy brown casts
ATN
30
maltese cross, oval fat bodies
nephrotic syndrome due to hyperlipidemia
31
xanthelesma
nephrotic syndrome due to hyperlipidemia
32
first clinical sign in diabetic nephropathy?
microalbuminuria
33
overflow proteinuria
multiple myeloma
34
albuminuria
glomerular disease
35
low MW proteinuria
tubular disease
36
values for nephrotic range proteinuria?
>3.5 g/day and spot urine protein/creatinine ratio >3.5
37
elevated suPAR
FSGS
38
hyalinosis
FSGS
39
FSGS subtype with rapid onset of nephrotic syndrome and rapid progression to renal failure
collapsing glomerulopathy type (e.g. HIV)
40
steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
MCD
41
steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
FSGS
42
antibodies against neural endopeptidase (NEP)
congenital MN
43
antibodies against M-type PLA2 receptor
primary (idiopathic) MN
44
in primary MN, PLA2R co-localizes with ___ and deposits in ____
IgG4, subepithelial layer
45
smoky urine, low C3
post-streptococcal GN
46
Hepatitis C
think MPGN (type 1) or cryoglobulinemia (mixed)
47
dysregulation of complement system
dense deposit disease
48
C3 nephritic factor
dense deposit disease
49
ribbons of dense material in GBM
dense deposit disease
50
IgA nephropathy has _____ deficient IgA deposition in mesangium
galactose-deficient IgA
51
use ___ to differentiate IgA nephropathy from other forms of glomerulonephritis
IF
52
use ____ to differentiate DDD from other forms of glomerulonephritis
EM
53
what distinguishes anti-GBM from Goodpastures
pulmonary involvement in Good-pastures but essentially the same thing
54
mutation in alpha5 chain of collagen type 4
alport syndrome
55
nephritis + deafness + lens disorders
alport syndrome
56
defects in alpha3 or alpha4 of type 4 collagen
thin basement membrane disease
57
nocturia
indicated tubular damage due to inability to concentrate urine
58
BUN:creatinine >20
pre-renal issue (most sensitive marker)
59
abnormal fundoscopic exam
malignant hypertension, diabetic nephropathy
60
crescentic formation associated with?
RPGN
61
septic shock and ischemia
ATN
62
K+ > ____ is a medical emergency
> 7 mmol/L
63
most vulnerable portions of the kidney to hypoxic injury?
straight portion of PT and TALH
64
loss of brush border and blebbing
ATN
65
myoglobin casts
rhabdomyolysis, releases myoglobin which can contribute to ATN
66
ATN with vacuolization and formation of oxalate crystals in tubular lumen due to?
ethylene glycol poisoning
67
tx when K+> 7mmol/L
IV calcium gluconate | OR insulin + glucose
68
most common cause of acute pyelonephritis
E. coli
69
neutrophil infiltration with liquefactive necrosis and abscess formation
acute pyelonephritis
70
pyonephrosis
when infected pus fills and distends the renal calyces, pelvis and ureter (seen in acute pyelonephritis)
71
thyroidization
acute pyelonephritis (tubules become atrophic and distended with urine causing them to resemble thyroid follicles)
72
classic triad of interstitial nephritis
fever, rash, eosinophilia
73
new onset azotemia with oliguria, fever, skin rash, and eosinophilia think...
interstitial nephritis
74
polycystin1 or 2 mutations
adult polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant)
75
fibrocystin mutation
childhood polycystic kidney disease (autosomal recessive)
76
medullary cystic disease complex that is the most common genetic cause of ESRD in children
Nephronophthisis
77
C-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
78
anti-proteinase 3 antibodies
C-ANCAs, seen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
79
anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies
microscopic polyangiitis
80
sinopulmonary renal syndrome
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
81
shiga toxin
HUS
82
inactivation of factor H
HUS
83
sudden onset of irritability, lethargy, weakness, pallor and oliguria in a small child, 5-10 days following gastroenteritis
HUS
84
ADAMTS13
TTP
85
tx of TTP
plasmapheresis
86
tx of HUS
plasmapheresis
87
ANAs
Lupus
88
class 1 lupus
minimal mesangial (rare)
89
class 2 lupus
mesangial proliferative
90
class 3 lupus
focal proliferative
91
class 4 lupus
diffuse proliferative (severe, most common), wire loop lesions and hyaline thrombi
92
class 5 lupus
membranous
93
class 6 lupus
advanced sclerosing
94
full house immunoflourescence
Lupus (IF staining for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4)
95
scleroderma renal crisis
new onset of accelerated arterial hypertension and/or rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure
96
non-proliferative, non-inflammatory glomerulopathy
amyloidosis
97
apple green birefringence
amyloidosis
98
hemosiderin depositis
sickle cell nephropathy
99
what type of amyloidosis is the main target for the kidney? presentation?
AA, nephrotic syndrome
100
what kind of amyloidosis do you get with long-term dialysis?
AB2microglobulin
101
collapsing form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
HIV nephropathy
102
syncytium formation
seen in AL amyloidosis as tubular epithelial cells can form a syncytium around the bence jones proteins
103
deposition of material that looks like "silt" on EM
light chain disease
104
Most common cause of ESRD?
Diabetic nephropathy

Renal (11 decks)

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