Pathology II Final Flashcards by Jennifer Kintz

Pedunculated, tumor-like mass that causes intermittent epistaxis in older equines?

Ethmoidal Hematoma

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Top 4 ddx for epistaxis in equines?

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
Ethmoidal hematoma
Guttural pouch mycoses
Trauma

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Etiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

Bovine Herpes Virus-1

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Pathologic lesions seen with IBR?

FORMATION OF DIPHTHERITIC MEMBRANE!!
Necrotic/hemorrhagic fibrous rhinitis  
\+/- hyperemia, hemorrhage of nasal cavity m.m. 
\+/- exudate of nasal cavity 
SOMETIMES interstitial pneumonia

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Top 2 ddx for a kitten with conjunctivitis and rhinitis?

Feline Herpes Virus-1 ==> Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Feline Calici Virus
REMEMBER to look for oral lesions to help differentiate

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Most respiratory viruses result in formation of what lung pathology?

Interstitial pneumonia; inflammation of the interstitium of the lungs

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Pathology that is characteristic for chronic S. equi infections?

Bastard strangles ==> Chondroids

Or inspissated exudate: Dried up, rounded, hardened

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Chronic cases of strangles can lead to more severe clinical signs such as? Why?

Peripheral neuropathies; close association of medial guttural pouch with cranial nerves

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Term for guttural pouch inflammation?

Eustachitis!

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Top 3 ddx for guttural pouch problems in equines?

Guttural tympany (foals)
Strangles (S. equi infection)
Guttural pouch mycoses

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Most severe complication of guttural pouch mycosis? Why?

Death due to fatal epistaxis; close association of medial guttural pouch with internal carotid artery

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Why do you see epistaxis with guttural pouch mycosis and not guttural tympany or strangles?

Fungal organisms LOVE blood vessels!

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Diagnostic lesion for Campylobacter spp. induced sheep abortions?

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

white target lesions seen diffusely

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Two main causes of sheep abortion?

Toxoplasma and Chlamydia

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You have an aborted calf with cerebellar hypoplasia. What etiology do you immediately suspect?

BVD!

Bovine Viral Disease Virus

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When analyzing the placenta of an aborted fetus of a sheep, it is important to look in between the cotyledons for inflammation. Why?

Toxoplasma ==> INFLAMED cotyledons

Chlamydia ==> inflammation BETWEEN cotyledons

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Characteristic lesion of a toxoplasma aborted fetal placenta?

Hemorrhagic cotyledons with foci of necrosis

“Strawberry-like”

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What is the etiologic agent of Ovine Enzootic Abortion?

Chlamydia

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What is the difference between early and late Chlamydophila abortus infection in terms of abortion?

Early infection = abortion that season

Late infection = abortion during NEXT season

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Top 4 places to look when trying to determine etiologic agents of an abortion?

Brain, liver, cotyledons and between them

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What unique pathology is seen on a late-term aborted fetus infected with Ureaplasma diversum?

Amnionitis!

Inflammation of the amnion

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What is the big deal about Brucella spp infection in cattle?

ZOONOTIC!! Present in MANY fluids!

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When you wish to take a sample for culture to determine cause of an abortion, where do you get the sample from?

Stomach contents of aborted fetus

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What is the classic histologic lesion seen in aborted fetuses with Chlamydophila abortus and what is its sequel?

Vasculitis of placental blood vessels ==> EDEMA

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Which organ do you sample in an aborted fetus when looking for either Neospora or Toxoplasma?

Brain

Top infectious cause of abortions in goats?

Coxiella burnetti | (Q fever)

Common causes of non-infectious abortions in goats?

Trauma, stress

In equines, how many causes of abortions can be determined by direct examination of the placenta and/or umbilical cord?

HALF! For this reason, it is very important to lay out the ENTIRE placenta!

Top infectious agent to rule out in an equine abortion case?

EHV-1 | Equine Herpes Virus

What is the significance of shorter/longer than normal umbilical cord in an equine?

Longer: increased risk of foal strangulation Shorter: increased risk of premature separation

White foci spread diffusely throughout the liver of an aborted equine fetus = ? What would be another characteristic gross finding?

EHV-1; fibrin cast in the trachea

Typical findings in a litter for a porcine parvovirus infected pig?

SMEDI: | Still birth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility complex

What broad category of etiologic agents are a common source for abortions in swine?

Viruses

Easy way to get a sample for leptospirosis testing?

Liver impression smear on a slide to send off to the lab

What is the one, non-specific cause of abortions that can spread throughout a herd?

Pyrexia | fever

Term for inflammation of the testes?

Orchitis

Which cells do testicular interstitial cell tumors arise from? What do they normally produce?

Leydig cells; testosterone

Which cells do seminomas arise from?

Sperm cell pre-cursors

Which two testicular neoplasias arise from tubules of the testicles?

Seminomas, Sertoli Cell Tumors

True/False: The majority of testicular neoplasias are metastatic.

False;

What is the most common neoplasia of canine testes?

Interstitial Cell Tumors of leydig cells

Second most common neoplasia of canine testes?

Seminoma; cryptorchidism!

Main differences between interstitial cell tumors and seminomas of the canine testes?

Interstitial cell tumors: Seminoma: Small, multiple Singular, large Bilateral at times Mostly unilateral

Cryptorchidism is a pre-disposing factor of which two tumors?

Seminoma and Sertoli Cell Tumors!

Unique clinical finding of an animal with a sertoli cell tumor? Why?

Bilateral alopecia; tumor has endocrine effects

Which testicular neoplasia will "give you man boobs" and why?

SERTOLI CELL!!! :) | Constant production of estrogen

What is a spermatocoele and what causes them?

A dilation with sperm accumulation | Occurs with occlusion of the epididymis

Term for dramatic proliferation of connective tissue at the end of the spermatic cord following castration = ?

Scirrhous cord

Term for dilation of the spermatic vein?

Varicoele

Which two types of neoplasia have a predilection for the scrotal sac?

Mast Cell Tumors; Hemangioma

What is the key clinical sign of an animal with acute prostatitis?

Increased urge to defecate | Will be extremely painful on palpation

Most common prostatic abnormality seen in intact male dogs?

Prostatic hyperplasia | Same architecture, enlarged and non-painful

Term for inflammation of the prepuce?

Posthitis

Term for inflammation of the glans penis?

Balanitis

Term for inflammation of the penis and prepuce?

Balanoposthitis

Term for narrowing of the prepucial orifice preventing protrusion of the penis?

Phimosis

Term for narrowing of the prepucial opening preventing retraction of the penis?

Paraphimosis

Term for pathology in the bull where remaining connective prevents proper movement of the penis?

Persistent frenulum

Top 3 viral causes of bovine interstitial pneumonia?

1. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - (BHV-1) 2. Para-influenza -3 virus (PI-3) 3. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus (BRSV)

Special diagnostic characteristic seen with para-influenza-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus pneumonias?

Formation of syncytial cells

On gross examination of lungs, what is the give away for Pneumonic mannheimiosis?

Marbling appearance of pulmonary parenchyma (Shipping Fever) Will also see FIBRIN deposits on most cranial portions!

Two causes of bovine pneumonia that cause clinically indistinguishable patholoy of the lungs externally?

Mannheimia hemolytica Histophilus somni (fibrinous bronchopneumonia of cranioventral lungs)

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in cattle?

Dictyocaulus viviparus

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in sheep/goats?

Dictyocaulus filaria

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in horses?

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in swine?

Metastrongylus spp

_________ infections are common to see in pigs with PRRS and PMWS.

Pneumocystis carinii | Fungal organism: GMS stain

Common cause of porcine enzootic pneumonia?

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Pancreatic hypoplasia common to see in which two animals?

Dogs (Pancreatic atrophy) | Calves

Which breed of dog particularly prone to pancreatic atrophy?

German Shepherds

Three main causes of congenital renal dysplasia?

Feline panleukopenia Canine herpes virus Bovine virus diarrhea

Acute necrosis of the renal tubular cells is termed what?

Nephrosis

Top 4 ddx for diffusely pale kidneys?

Amyloidosis Acute nephrosis Glomerulonephritis LSA

Common incidental finding associated with residual e.coli lesions in the kidneys of young cattle is called what?

Multifocal interstitial nephritis | White spotted kidney

Pathology II Final Flashcards

(74 cards)