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NPTE - MSK > Pathology III > Flashcards

Pathology III Flashcards

1
Q

What is happening with Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Traction apophysitis occuring at the tibial tuberosity

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2
Q

What is apophysitis?

A

Inflammation or stress injury to the areas on or around growth plates in children and adolescents.

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3
Q

How could you reproduce symptoms with Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Resist knee extension

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4
Q

What can exacerbate pain with osteoarthritis?

A

prolonged activity and use

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5
Q

What are Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes?

A

Heberden’s: osteophytes in the DIP joints
Bouchard’s: osteophytes in the PIP joints
–> B is before H in the alphabet,

Usually seen in women but not men with OA

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6
Q

What happens as a result of the loss of cartilage in OA?

A

There is a loss of joint space and reactive new bone forms in the margins and subchondral areas of the joint

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7
Q

What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?

A

When subchondral BONE and its associated cartilage crack and separate from the end of the bone

–> in severe cases it may float freely in the joint

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8
Q

What are symptoms of Osteochondritis Dissecans? (5)

What joint is most commonly affected?

A
  1. pain with functional activity
  2. joint popping or locking
  3. weakness
  4. swelling
  5. decreased ROM

KNEE is most commonly affected

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9
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta affects the formation of what?

A

formation of Type I collagen during bone development

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10
Q

How is genetic inheritance related to the type of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Types I and IV are autosomal dominant

Types II and III are autosomal recessive

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11
Q

What are the different types of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Type I: mildest form, frequency of fractures decreases after puberty
Type II: most SEVERE, child dies in utero or early childhood
Type III: severe, greater ossification of the skull, growth retardation, ongoing fractures, significant funcitonal limitations
Type IV: mild to moderate fragility (greater than type I), will have bowing of long bones

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12
Q

What is a common cause of Osteomyelitis?

A

Staphylococcus Aureus microbe

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13
Q

What is the medical term often used for Patellofemoral Syndrome and what does it refer to?

A

Chondromalacia Patella

-Refers to softening of the articular cartilage of the patella

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14
Q

What is most commonly seen with motion of the patella in patellofemoral syndrome?

A

The patella is pulled too far laterally, so medial patellar glides may be useful

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15
Q

What age is patellofemoral syndrome extremely common?

A

Adolescence

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16
Q

In addition to pain what other symptom may occur with prolonged sitting or ascending stairs with patellofemoral pain?

A

Burning pain

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17
Q

What is a normal Q angle for males and females?

A

Males 13. Females 18

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18
Q

How long does it take for someone to return to previous functioning with patellofemoral syndrome?

A

4 to 6 weeks

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19
Q

What foot posture can exacerbate patellofemoral syndrome?

A

Pronated feet

20
Q

Piriforomis syndrome causes compression or iritation of what?

A

the sciatic nerve

21
Q

What exacerbates symptoms of piriformis syndrome?

A

prolonged sitting and activities combing internal rotation and adduction

22
Q

What position will reproduce pain in piriformis syndrome?

A

Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation

23
Q

Piriformis syndrome has a near identical presentation to what?

A

L5-S1 radiculopathy

24
Q

Where is pain located with plantar fasciitis?

A

the origin at the medial tubercle of the calcaneous

25
Q

What are some factors that can lead to the development of plantar fasciitis?

A

Excessive pronation with gait, tightness of foot and calf musculature, obesity, and a hihg arch

26
Q

Why is the most severe plantar fascia pain in the morning?

A

the fascia is contracted, stiff, and cold

27
Q

What bony hypertrophy may occur with plantar fasciitis?

A

Heel spur

28
Q

What stretching should a patient with plantar fasciitis do in the morning?

A

a plantar fascia and gastrocnemius stretch

29
Q

What orthotic is often prescribed with plantar fasciitis?

A

a heel cup

30
Q

How long does it take for patients to get to a more functional level with plantar fasciitis?

How long does it take for complete resolution of symptoms?

A
  1. 8 weeks

2. 1 year

31
Q

What is the path of PCL?

A

POSTERIOR intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle in the intercondylar notch

32
Q

What are the two most common causes of a PCL tear?

A
  1. landing on the tibia with a flexed knee

2. Hitting a dashboard in a MVA with a flexed knee

33
Q

What strengthening exercises should be avoided to allow a PCL to heel?

A

Exercises that place a posterior shear force on the knee
–> open chain hamstring exercises

Posterior shear, like sliding the TIBIA POSTERIOR (lag sign). Hamstrings are attached posteriorly so it’ll pull posterior since hamstrings aren’t counteracting.

34
Q

What disease is a chronic inflammatory reaction in the synovial tissues of a joint that results in erosion of cartilage and supporting structures within the capsule?

A

Rehumatoid Arthritis

35
Q

What are swan neck and boutonniere demority?

A

Swan neck: DIP flexion, PIP hyperextension
–> need to hyperextend to make a long neck
Boutonniere: DIP extension, PIP flexion

36
Q

80% of individuals with RA show what blood factor?

A

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

37
Q

What is one example of a DMARD that may be used to treat RA?

A

methotrexate

38
Q

During the acute stage or exacerbation of RA what should be avoided in PT?

A

resisitive exercise, deep heating, and any form of active stretching

39
Q

During the chronic stage or remission stage of RA what should be avoided in PT?

A

aggressive stretching

40
Q

What systemic symptom is common with RA?

A

low grade fever

41
Q

After a rotator cuff tear a patients arm is typically positioned in?

A

Internal rotation and adduction

42
Q

How long will patients be immobilized after a large rotator cuff repair?

how long does it take for patients to return to dynamic overhead motions?

How long for functional return?

A
  1. 4-6 weeks
  2. 9-12 months
  3. 4-6 months
43
Q

What is are the most commonly torn rotator cuff tendons?

A

Supraspinatus

but also infraspinatus and subscapularis with more severe or traumatic etiologies

44
Q

Which type of rotator cuff tear causes the most pain and why?

A

Partial tearing due to increased tension on remaining muscle fibers and associated neural tissue

45
Q

Failure to adequately treat a rotator cuff can result in what happening to the tendon?

A

Since the tendon does not heal, it forms scar tissue and there will be an increased risk of rupture or an increase in size of original tear

NPTE - MSK (39 decks)

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