Pathology, Irene Gold

Question 1

Types of Necrosis?

Answer 1

Coagulation
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Fat
Fibrinoid

Question 2

Coagulative Necrosis

Answer 2

Infarctions of solid organs, cut off of blood

Question 3

Liquefactive Necrosis

Answer 3

Dead cells are completely digested, liquid viscous mass in CNS or from infections

Question 4

Gangrenous Necrosis

Answer 4

Types of coagulative necrosis resulting from ischemia in the lower extremity

Question 5

Caseous Necrosis

Answer 5

Cheese like appearance, typical of a TB infections (granuloma surrounds the necrosis)

Question 6

Fat Necrosis

Answer 6

Local area of fat distruction, typical from leaked pancreatic enzymes causing saponification (Soap) in the peritoneal cavity

Question 7

Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 7

Autoimmune reactions involving antigens and antibodies are deposited into vascular walls ( bright pink ring stain)

Question 8

Developmental Changes

Answer 8

Agenesis
Hypoplasia
Aplasia

Question 9

Agenesis Development

Answer 9

Never Formed, absence of an organ

Question 10

Hypoplasia Development

Answer 10

Organ smaller than normal and defective

Question 11

Aplasia Developmet

Answer 11

lack of development, small remnants of the organ present

Question 12

Two main types of cancer

Answer 12

Carcinoma and sarcoma

Question 13

Carcinoma

Answer 13

Cancer of epithelial tissue that usually spreads by way of the lymphatic system

Question 14

Sarcoma

Answer 14

Cancer of connective tissue that usually spreads by BLOOD

Question 15

Bacteremia

Answer 15

bacteria in the blood

Question 16

Septicemia

Answer 16

pathogens or toxins in the blood

Question 17

Anoxia

Answer 17

absence of oxygen

Question 18

Hypoxia

Answer 18

deficiency of oxygen

Question 19

Thrombus

Answer 19

platelet deposition

Question 20

Clot

Answer 20

Fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin

Question 21

Embolus

Answer 21

Foreign body in the blood that travels

Question 22

Diapedesis

Answer 22

Neutrophils and monocytes sqeeze through the walls of blood vessels

Question 23

Chemotaxis

Answer 23

Movement of WBCs in response to a concentration gradient of a variety of tissue damage products

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

Accomplished by neutrophils and macrophages

Question 25

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 25

Deposition of particles in the lung ( inhalation of dust)

Question 26

Silicosis aka- rockquarry disease

Answer 26

Silicon related to TB (sandblasters, rock quarry)

Question 27

Asbestosis

Answer 27

Asbestos leads to malignant mesothelioma

Question 28

Siderosis

Answer 28

Iron Dust

Question 29

Byssinosis

Answer 29

cotton dust called brown lung

Question 30

Berylliosis

Answer 30

Fibers-aircraft manufacturing

Question 31

Anthracosis aka- coal miners lung

Answer 31

Black Lung disease from miners

Question 32

Syphilis: | Congenital- 5 signs

Answer 32

1. Hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors 2. Rhagades- Fissures or cracks at the edge of the mouth 3. Saddle nose deformity- bridege of nase flattened 4. Sabre Blade tibia 5. Interstitial Keratitis- produces visual changes (HRSSI)

Question 33

Syphilis: | Acquired- 4 stages

Answer 33

Primary: Hard, singular painless nodule on perineum called Chancre Secondary: Widespread rash Latency: clinically inactive Tertiary:Can cause dementia, blindness, paralysis, heart failure, and GUMMAS ( rubbery painful swollen lesions that can occur in bones, nerve tissure, and skin)

Question 34

Chancroid

Answer 34

Soft Chancre, painful caused by Hemophilus Ducrey

Question 35

Gonorrhea

Answer 35

Gram Neg. causes burning uriniation with pus in the urine. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Question 36

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

Answer 36

Chlamydia trachomatis, causes genital lesion and bubo in groin, Dx. Frei Test

Question 37

Granuloma Inguinale

Answer 37

Red Nudules in inquinal region

Question 38

Trichimonas

Answer 38

Most curable STD in women, purulent vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation- protozoan

Question 39

Gardenella Vaginalis

Answer 39

Foul smellingvaginal discharge, clue cells - bacterium

Question 40

Dysphagia

Answer 40

Difficulty swallowing

Question 41

Sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 41

Due to anatomically shortening esophagus

Question 42

Diverticula

Answer 42

Outpouching in the intestine. Usually lower left quardrant of the abdomen ( sigmoid and descending colon)

Question 43

Volvulus

Answer 43

Twisting of an organ

Question 44

Intussusception

Answer 44

telescoping of intestine onto itself

Question 45

Celiac Disease

Answer 45

intolerance to gluten. Loss of Villi, must stay on gluten free diet for life

Question 46

Crohns Disease

Answer 46

regional ileitis ( distal ileitis) Seen in young people> affects the proximal small intestine and colon. Produces skip lesions (cobble stone appearance) Autoimmune. not bloody diarrhea

Question 47

Hirschbrungs

Answer 47

Congenital megacolon. Absence of the myenteric plexus ( not constricting)

Question 48

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 48

pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, complications produce megacolon

Question 49

irritable bowel

Answer 49

spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea. Stress related

Question 50

Peutz Jeghers

Answer 50

Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract