Pathology: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Conditions

Question 1

cholelithiasis

Answer 1

gallstones in the gallbladder

prevent bile from leaving the gallbladder and bile ducts

can cause biliary colic and cholecystitis

Question 2

biliary colic

Answer 2

pain from blocked bile ducts

Question 3

cholecystitis

Answer 3

inflammation and infection of the gallbladder

Question 4

cirrhosis

Answer 4

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

result of chronic alcoholism, viral hepatitis, iron overload

lobes become scarred with fibrous tissue

hepatocytes degenerate and the liver becomes fatty

Question 5

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Answer 5

liver cancer

associated with Hep B, Hep C, and cirrhosis

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may progress to cirrhosis and HCC

produces alpha-festi protein (AFP): a tumor marker found in the blood

Question 6

choleangiocarcinoma

Answer 6

bile duct cancer

Question 7

pancreatic cancer

Answer 7

malignant tumor of the pancreas

most often at the head of the pancreas, which is closer to the duodenum

if possible, it can be resected via a pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)

Question 8

pancreatitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the pancreas

digestive enzymes attack pancreatic tissue and cause damage

Question 9

viral hepatitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

HAV, HBV, HCV

Question 10

Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)

Answer 10

spread via contaminated food and water

slow onset of of signs and symptoms

Question 11

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Answer 11

spread via sexual contact, blood, contaminated needles, maternal to fetal

Question 12

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Answer 12

spread via blood and contaminated needles