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pathology misc Flashcards

1
Q

timeframe of acute postinfectious GN

A

1-3 weeks after strep throat infection or impetigo

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2
Q

timeframe of IgA nephropathy

A

1-2 days after URTI

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3
Q

Kimmelstein Wilson bodies

A

diabetic glomerulonephritis - mesangial nodules

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4
Q

histology findings of alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

intracytoplasmic inclusions of A1AT which stain period acid schiff

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5
Q

autoimmune hepatits

A

type 1 - anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle

type 2 - anti-LKMIg

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6
Q

alport’s syndrome inheritance

A

X linked, anti collagen type 4, alpha 5 chain

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7
Q

thin basement membrane disease inheritance

A

autosomal dominant, type 4 collagen alpha 4 chain

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8
Q

acute interstitial nephritis

A

hypersensitivity reaction, usually to a drug
begins days after exposure
fever, skin rash, haematuria, eosinophilia

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9
Q

Waldenstroms macroglobinuria

A

NHL - IgM

FLAWs and hyperviscosity

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10
Q

fanconi anaemia

A

autosomal recessive, pancytopenia, renal malformations

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11
Q

dyskeratosis congenita

A

x linked - telomere instability

aplastic anaemia. skin pigmentation, oral leukoplakia, nail dystophy

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12
Q

schwachman-diamond syndrome

A

aplastic anaemia. autosomal recessive - neutrophilia

AML risk

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13
Q

Diamond-blackfan syndrome

A

red cell aplasia, normal WCC and platelets

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14
Q

polycythaemia rubra vera symptoms

A
  • hyperviscosity
  • plethora (red nose)
  • retinal vein engorgement
  • aquagenic pruritis
  • peptic ulcers - histamine release
  • gout
  • thrombosis and stroke
  • splenomegaly
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15
Q

essential thrombocytopenia mutations

A

JAK2, calreticulin and MPL

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16
Q

essential thrombocytopenia symptoms

A

venous and arterial thrombosis
erythromelalgia
splenomegaly, dizziness, headaches, blurred vision

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17
Q

essential thrombocytopenia treatment

A

aspirin, anagrelid, hydroxycarbamide

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18
Q

example of NRTI

A

lamuvidine, emtricitabine

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19
Q

NNRTI example

A

efavirenz, nevirapine

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20
Q

Protease inhibitor example

A

ritonavir, Indinavir, amprenavir

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21
Q

Integrase inhibitor example

A

raltegravir

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22
Q

nucleotide RTI example

A

tenofovir

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23
Q

side effects of NRTI

A

lactic acidosis

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24
Q

side effect of NNRTI

A

SJS, TENS, fatal fulminant hepatitis

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25
side effect of PI
hyperlipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, lipodystrophy
26
Campylobacter jejuni clinical picture
unpasteurised milk and poultry prodrome of headache and fever. bloody foul diarrhoea with cramps. oxidase positive, motile, gram negative curved rods
27
Cryptosporidium parvum clinical picture
infects jejunum, severe diarrhoea in immunocomprimised. oocytes seen in stool by modified kinyoun acid fast stain.
28
rat bite
spirillum minus (haverhill fever)`
29
cat scratch disease
bartonella henselae
30
brucellosis clinical picture
dairy or contact with animals undulant fever, myalgia, malaise. endocarditis and osteomyelitis. WCC usually normal. tetracycline or doxycycline with streptomycin. brucella abortus = cattle brucella melitensis = goats, mediterranean
31
Leptospira interrogans
rat or dog urine in water, penetrates broken skin / swimming. high spiking temps, conjunctival haemorrhages, jaundice, haemolytic anaemia
32
Bacillus anthracis
painless black, round lesion and rim of oedema | pulmonary - massive lympahdenopathy and mediastinal haemorrhage
33
aspergillus flavus
carcinogen for HCC
34
crytococcis
found in pigeon poo
35
EBV
pyrexia, jaundice, lymphadenopathy, sore throat
36
ring enhancing lesion
cerebral abscess, toxoplasmosis, lymphoma (vasogenic oedema
37
boat shaped cells
Pneumocystis carnii
38
haemophilus influenzae
gram negative coccibacilli
39
commonest cause of UTI in all patient groups
E coli
40
haemorrhagic cystitis in children
adenovirus
41
pseudomonus treatment in CF
ceftadizime
42
treatment for gram negative septicaemia
gent and ampicillin
43
renal tuberculosis
RFs | haematuria, dysuria, back pain
44
urethral syndrome
asymptomatic bacteriuria - symptoms of UTI without bacteria
45
antibiotic prophylaxis before colorectal surgery
cef & met 0-2hrs before and no longer than 24 hrs afterward
46
cavitating pneumonia or urinary tract infections
klebseilla
47
Chagas disease
latin america swelling around eye fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy and eventually cardiomyopathy trypomastigote
48
Wucheria bancrofti
microfilariae in peripheral blood, eosinophilia and symptoms affecting the lymph nodes
49
Leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis opportunistic infection in HIV fever, splenomegaly, leukopenia and hypergammaglobulinaemia, pancytopenia. fatigue, weight loss, dizziness, cough, diarrhoea xerosis - dry roughenes skin
50
Pneumocystis carnii
non productive cough, fever, dyspnoea | HIV related illness
51
trypanosomiasis
african sleeping sickness and chagas disease
52
Schistosoma mansoni
infects the mesenteric veins (vs haematobium = vesical veins) swimming nausea, vommiting, diarrhoea, skin rash, lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly WCC and eosinophilia
53
Giardia lambia
tear-drop shaped trophozoites cysts and trophozoites seen on stool examination pale, fatty stools
54
Congenital toxoplasmosis
hepatomegaly, jaundice, seizures, intra-cranial calcification.
55
congenital rubella syndrome
microphthalmia, deafness, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, rash,
56
congenital HSV infection
microcephaly, chorioretinitis, vesicular skin lesions
57
Bare lymphocyte syndrome
defect of regulatory factor X or class II transactivator. absent expression of HLA molecules within thymus type 1 - MHC 1 absent - CD8 deficient type 2 - MHC 2 absent - CD4 deficient associated with sclerosing cholangitis.
58
Brutons agammaglobulinaemia
X linked. BTK gene mutation. | failure of production of mature B cells - no antibodies.
59
common variable immunodeficiency
low IgG, A, E, | defect in b cell differentiation.
60
Hyper IgM syndrome
CD40 mutation. X linked condition. activated T cells cannot interact with B cells. risk of autoimmunity and malignancy.
61
Kostmann syndrome
severe congenital neutropenia. autosomal recessive - HAX mutation. low neutrophil count <500 treatment - G-CSF
62
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
deficiency in CD18 (beta2 integrin subunit) | high neutrophil count and delayed umbilical cord separation
63
chronic granulomatous disease
``` NADPH oxidase defect. negative NBT (does not turn blue) negative DHR (does not flouresce as rhodamine not generated) - PLACESS (catalase positive) susceptibility mostly X linked ```
64
Severe combine immunodeficiency
``` IL2 receptor (X linked), adenosine deaminase (AR) deficiency. AIDs defining illnesses - candida etc. reticular dysgenesis - most severe form - deficiency in everything but erythrocytes. ```
65
Cyclic neutropenia
episodic neutropenia occurring every 3 weeks, lasting several days. ELA1 mutation, treated with G-CSF
66
cyclophosphamide
akylates guanine base of DNA. damages DNA and prevents cell replication, affect B cells.
67
mycophenilate mofetil
inhibits IM PDH which prevents guanine synthesis. blocks de novo nucleotide synthesis - prevents replication of DNA. affects T cells.
68
Azathioprine
metabolised by liver to 6 metacarpurine by TPMT. blocks de novo purine synthesis. inhibits T cells activation & proliferation.
69
tacrolimus
inhibits calcineurin which normally activates transcription of IL2 therefore reduces T cell proliferation
70
cyclosporin
inhibits calcineurin. gingival hypertrophy.
71
sirolimus
blocks clonal proliferation of T cells.
72
OTK3
muromab - binds to CD3. mops up t cells. given in steroid resistant infection.

year 5 misc (5 decks)

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