Pathology - Neoplasia Nomenclature

Question 1

what are the 2 types of tissue origins? give examples

Answer 1

epithelial
- glandular
- non-glandular/surface

non-epithelial
- mesenchymal

Question 2

what do epithelial benign tumour names always end in?

Answer 2

‘oma

Question 3

what is the only exception of an ‘Oma which isn’t benign?

Answer 3

melanoma

Question 4

benign epithelial glandular tissues are named..

Answer 4

adenomas

add the glandular origin before
e.g. colonic adenoma

Question 5

benign epithelial non-glandular tissues are named…

Answer 5

papilloma

add the cellular origin before
e.g. squamous cell papilloma

Question 6

benign non-epithelial tissues are named..

Answer 6

tissue of origin …‘oma

e.g. lipoma

Question 7

malignant epithelial tumours are always named..

Answer 7

carcinoma

Question 8

malignant epithelial glandular tissues are named…

Answer 8

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

malignant epithelial non-glandular tissues are named..

Answer 9

cell of origin … carcinoma

Question 10

malignant non-epithelial tumours are called…

Answer 10

sarcoma

Question 11

what is a choristoma?

Answer 11

benign normal tissue growing in an abnormal location

Question 12

what is a precursor cell tumour?

Answer 12

cells that precede tumours

Question 13

where can precursor cell tumours be found?

Answer 13

in young people

Question 14

what is a Teratoma?

Answer 14

a tumour containing all 3 germ layers

• ectoderm
• mesoderm
• endoderm

Question 15

what is a Hamartoma?

Answer 15

non-neoplastic disordered overgrowth of normal tissue

Question 16

define metaplasia.

Answer 16

a change in phenotype of differentiated cells in response to chronic inflammation

Question 17

name a condition in which you may see metaplasia and describe it.

Answer 17

Barrett’s Oesophagus

change from squamous cells to glandular cells in response to acid reflux

Question 18

define hypertrophy

Answer 18

change in cell size in response to increased workload

e.g. gym

Question 19

define hyperplasia

Answer 19

change in cell numbers in response to stimuli e.g. hormones

Question 20

define dysplasia

Answer 20

abnormal growth contained within the basement membrane which has potential for malignant BUT can regress

Question 21

what does carcinoma-in-situ mean?

Answer 21

a dysplastic growth which has the features of malignancy but there is no invasion and it is contained within the basement membrane

Question 22

why is the basement membrane so important?

Answer 22

it separates the potential carcinoma from the blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 23

what happens once the basement membrane is penetrated?

Answer 23

the tumour becomes invasive and malignant

Question 24

the prefix for smooth muscle

Answer 24

leiomyo

Question 25

the prefix for skeletal muscle

Answer 25

rhabdomyo

Question 26

the prefix for adipose

Answer 26

lipo

Question 27

the prefix for blood vessels

Answer 27

haemangio

Question 28

the prefix for bone

Answer 28

osteo

Question 29

the prefix for cartilage

Answer 29

chondro

Question 30

the prefix for fibrous tissue

Answer 30

fibro