Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Pathology- Oedema > Flashcards

Pathology- Oedema Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of interstitial fluid

A

acts as a go between blood and body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does blood flow in the capillaries depend on

A

the contractile state of the arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the structure of capillaries and their purpose

A

single layer if endothelial cells- allow rapid exchange of gases, water and solutes with interstitial fluid

-delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

other than terminal arterioles what regulates blood flow in the capillary bed

A

precapillary sphincters, smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why is blood flow in the capillaries slow

A

to allow adequate time for exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do capillaries unite to form

A

venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what substances are able to pass through the endothelial cells in a capillary wall

A

lipid-soluble substances (O2, CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what substances pass through the pores of a capillary wall

A

small, water soluble substances (e.g Na+, K+, glucose, amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what substances are moved through the capillary wall by vesicular transport

A

exchangeable proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what substance cannot generally pass through the capillary wall

A

plasma proteins (large molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what law does the movement of gases and solutes follow

A

ficks law of diffusion
‘blood flow is proportional to the difference in concentration of a substance in the blood as it enters and leaves an organ’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what drives trans-capillary fluid

A

pressure gradients across the capillary wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe what is meant by transcapillary fluid being ‘ultra-filtration’

A

it is the exchange across the capillary wall of essentially protein free plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is net filtration pressure (NFP) inversely proportional to

A

forces favouring filtration - forces opposing filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does a filtration coefficient show? (Kf)

A

how easily permeable a membrane is to fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two forces favouring filtration (which is the most important)

A

Pc- capillary hydrostatic pressure (MVP)
PieI(i)- interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

(when these pressure rise they force fluid out of the capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure a result of

A

blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two forces opposing filtration and which is the most important

A

PieC- capillary osmotic pressure (MVP)

Pi- interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the difference between hyrdostatic and osmotic pressure

A

hydrostatic (pushing fluid out)

osmotic (pulling fluid in)

20
Q

what is usually the capillary osmotic pressure and why is it important

A

25mmHg, important due to plasma protein

21
Q

how do you calculate net filtration pressure

A

(capillary hydro static pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure) - (capillary osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid hydro static pressure)

22
Q

describe the net filtration pressures in arteriolar end and venular end

A

arteriolar end positive (10mmHg)

venular end negative (favouring absorption of fluid into vessels)

23
Q

what happens to the capillary hydrostatic pressure as you go from arterioles to venules

A

decreases

24
Q

which exceeds the other during a day; filtration or re-absorption

A

filtration (by 2-4 litres)

25
Q

what happens to excess fluid

A

returns to circulation via the lymphatics as lymph

26
Q

what are the starling forces

A

osmotic and hydrostatic pressures

27
Q

is pulmonary resistance high or low

A

low

28
Q

is pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure low or high

A

low (8- 11mmHg)

29
Q

is pulmonary capillary osmotic pressure low or high

A

high (25mmHg)

30
Q

what prevents the accumulation of interstitial fluid (oedema)

A

efficient lymphatic drainage removes any filtered fluid

low pressure of pulmonary capillaries allowing absorption of water

31
Q

what is oedmea

A

accumulation of fluid in interstitial and intraalveolar lung spaces

32
Q

what happens to gas exchange in pulmonary oedema

A

compromised as diffusion distance increases

33
Q

what are the causes of oedema

A

raised capillary pressure,
reduced plasma osmotic pressure, lymphatic insufficiency,
change in capillary permeability,

34
Q

what can cause raised capillary pressure

A

arteriolar dilatation,

raised venous pressure

35
Q

what can cause raised venous pressure

A

left ventricular failure,
right ventricular failure,
prolonged standing

36
Q

how does raised venous pressure affect pulmonary capillaries

A

back pressure in pulmonary capillaries

37
Q

what type of oedema does left ventricular failure cause

A

pulmonary oedema

38
Q

what type of oedema does right ventricular failure cause

A

peripheral oedema (ankle, sacral)

39
Q

what type of oedema does prolonged standing cause

A

peripheral- swollen ankles

40
Q

how does heart failure affect the frank-starling curve

A

shifts it to the right

41
Q

what causes reduced plasma osmotic pressure

A

malnutrition, protein malabsorption, excessive renal excretion of protein, hepatic failure

42
Q

what causes lymphatic insufficiency

A

lymph node damage, filariasis (parasitic worms) (a.k.a elephantiasis)

43
Q

what causes changes in capillary permeability

A

inflammation, histamine increases leakage of protein

44
Q

how is pulmonary oedema manifested clinically

A

dyspnoea (difficulty breathing), orthopnoea (shortness of breath), pink frothy sputum, crepitations in auscultation of lung bases, haziness in peripheral region in CXR

45
Q

where does pitting oedema occur

A

ankles, sacrum

46
Q

what usually causes pitting oedema

A

right sided heart failure

Cardiovascular (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions