Pathology Of Breast Flashcards
(25 cards)
Explain the normal characteristics of breast
1.Terminal duct -lobular unit, 2. lobular stroma, 3. nipple and areola; smooth muscle larger ducts and lactiferous sinuses, 4.interlobular stroma, 5.Pectoralis muscle, 6. chest wall and ribs
What pathologies occur in terminal ducts
Cyst Sclerosing adenosis Small duct papilloma Hyperplasia Atypical hyperplasia Carcinoma
Pathologies of lobular stroma
Fibroadenoma
Phyllodes tumor
Pathologies of nipple and areola
Duct ectasia
Recurrent subareolar abscess
Solitary ducal papilloma
Paget disease
Pathologies of interlobular stroma
Fat necrosis Lipoma Fibrous tumor Fibromatosis Sarcoma
What are the three main developments disorders of breast
Milk line remnant
Accessory maxillary breast tissue
Congenital nipple inverse
Explain milk line remnants
- Extra breasts or maple from residual epidermal thickening along the milk line (which extends from the axilla to the perineum)
- most common to clinical attention as a result of painful premenstual enlargement
Explain accessory maxillary breast tissue
- Normal ducal system extends beyond the normal breast area, and into the subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall or the armpit.
- it’s important to know it you have this if you have a prophylactic mastectomy for breast cancer. Other wise it you don’t take out the accessory tissue too you’ll still be at risk for getting breast cancer
Explain congenital nipple inversion
- failure of the nipple to evert during development
- common; may be unilateral
- of little clinical significance; often correct spontaneously during pregnancy (or can be corrected by fraction)
- acquired nipple inversions however is clinically important (because it may indicate the presence an invasive cancer underneath the nipple)
What is the most prominent symptoms
Palpable mass
Causes of lumps
- fibrocystio changes
- benign cysts
- fibroadenoma
- invasive carcinoma = malignant
Explain fibro cystic changes
Miscellaneous changes is the female breast -consequences of an exaggeration and distortion of the cyclic breast changes that occur normally during the menstrual cycle
* changes are divided into non-proliferative and proliferative
Namer non proliferative breast changes
Duct ectasia Cysts Apocrine changes Mild hyperplasia Adenosis Eibroddenoma without complex features
Proliferative disease without atypia
- Moderate or florid hyperplasia
- sclerosing adenosis
- Papiloma
- complex sclerosing lesions (radial scar)
- fibroadenomas with complex features
Proliferative disease with Atypia
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
Name the carcinoma in sites diseases
LCIS= lobular carcinoma in situ DCIS= duct al carcinoma in situ
What are proliferative changes
- A range of proliferative lesions within the ductules, the terminal ducts and sometimes the lobules
- epithelial hyperplasia- mild to atypical
What are non-proliferative changes
- Characterised by an increased fibrous strong associated with dilatation of the ducts and formation of cyst of varying size.
- multifocal and bilateral
- epithelial lining may undergo apocrine metaplasia
What is sclerosing adenosine
Clinical and morphology picture may mimic those of carcinoma
The involved terminal duct lobular unit is enlarged and the acini are compress and distorted by denser stroma
What illnesses have no risk to become cancer
Fibrosis, cystic changes, apocrine metaplasia, mild hyperplasia
What illnesses are slightly at risk to become cancer
- Moderator to florid hyperplasia
- Ductal papilomatosis
- Sclerosing adenosis
- fibroadenoma
What illnesses have a high risk of becoming cancer
Atypical hyperplasia
Positive family history
Name the side benign inflammatory disorders of the breast
- Acute mastitis
- Periductal mastitis
- Mammary duct ectasia
- Fat necrosis
- lymphocytic mastopathy
- Granulomatous mastitis
What duct ectasia
Prominence of the lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and occasional Granulomas in the periductal stroma
- induration of breast
- retraction of the nipple
