Pathology of Oral Cavity Flashcards Preview

Gastrointestinal 1 > Pathology of Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pathology of Oral Cavity Deck (37)
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1
Q

What did Sir William Osler refer the mouth to?

A

the mirror of the body

2
Q

What is Odontology?

A

the science dealing with the teeth, their structure and development, and their diseases

3
Q

With what 2 sets of teeth are humans born?

A
  1. primary (deciduous)= 20 teeth, which are lost by age 6.

2. permanent (adult)= 32 teeth

4
Q

What are the upper and lower teeth called, respectively?

A
  • upper= maxillary

- lower= mandibular

5
Q

What are the subgroups of the primary (deciduous/baby) teeth?

A
  • 8 incisors
  • 4 canines
  • 8 molars
  • charted A-T
6
Q

Are there any premolars or third molars in primary teeth?

A

NO

7
Q

When do the first teeth come into a baby’s mouth?

A

around 6 months (central incisors first)

8
Q

What is the normal age range for mixed dentition?

A

6-12 years of age

9
Q

What are the subgroups of the permanent (adult) teeth?

A
  • 8 incisors
  • 4 canines
  • 8 premolars
  • 12 molars
  • charted as 1-32
10
Q

By what age range will most (28/32) of the permanent teeth be in function?

A

12.5 - 17 years

11
Q

BY what age range will the third molars (wisdom teeth) erupt if present?

A

17 - 21 years

12
Q

What are impacted teeth?

A

when wisdom teeth grow in from the sides preventing their eruption as they collide with adjacent molars

13
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

some teeth missing

14
Q

What is oligodontia?

A

6+ teeth missing

15
Q

What is andontia (rare)?

A

complete absence of all primary or permanent teeth

16
Q

What teeth are most commonly missing (if there are missing teeth)?

A

the last teeth in each series (third molars > lateral incisors > second premolars)

17
Q

What are “peg laterals”?

A

rudimentary (microdont) aka tiny lateral incisors

18
Q

What are supernumerary teeth?

A

additional tooth buds that normally form along the midline (mesodens) and are more common on the upper teeth (maxillary) and more in males

19
Q

** What is Cleidocranial Dysostosis?

A

rare congenital disorder of bone, characterized by abnormalities of the clavicles, skull, and jaws, as well as by occasional stunting of long bones.
*multiple supernumerary teeth (many impacted) are also common in this disorder.

20
Q

** What is Gardner’s Syndrome?

A

also known as familial colorectal polyposis, which is cancer of the colon and rectum and is characterized by the occurrence of multiple, impacted supernumerary teeth.

21
Q

Do the roots of teeth sit close to the surface (superficially)?

A

YES

22
Q

What is a parulus?

A

gum boil that is a drainage point for a tooth abscess. The abscess is caused by the body’s response to the toxins, which drain out of the tip of a root with a dead nerve.

23
Q

In immunocompromised people, what can an upper tooth infection progress to?

A

cause a cellulitis (usually Strep or Bacteroides) and progress to the maxillary sinus

24
Q

What are caries?

A

dental decay due to PLAQUE, SUGAR, and STREPTOCOCCI MUTANS (all 3). Strep mutans metabolizes sugar to lactic acid, which dissolves the calcium phosphate in tooth enamel.
*most prevalent human disease in the world.

25
Q

Do many people have “soft teeth”?

A

NO (very very few)

26
Q

What may xylitol do (found in Trident gum)?

A

help prevent tooth decay

27
Q

What is plaque?

A

yellowish sticky paste that accumulates on unbrushed teeth. Thick mucous film created by bacteria that hardens to become calculus (tartar)
*must brush or floss to remove!

28
Q

What is gingivitis?

A

inflammation of the gums due to plaque left around the necks of teeth for a long time and responsible for bad breath.

29
Q

What is periodontitis?

A

inflammation around teeth

30
Q

Is there a link between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease?

A

YES and c-reactive protein is an acute phase reactant of inflammation that can indicate bacterial infection.

31
Q

What is nursing bottle syndrome (early childhood caries)?

A

deterioration of teeth do to allowance of children to suck on sweet things for too long. Sign of neglect!

32
Q

What is meth mouth?

A

tooth decay and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) due to poor hygiene, poor nutrition, high sugar intake, and prolonged stress. Bad breath is also associated, obviously.
*also called “trench mouth” of soldiers in WWI

33
Q

Can stomach acid (from bulimia) or GERD, and certain food products like lemons or Mountain Dew cause enamel erosion?

A

YES

34
Q

What is an aphthous (canker)?

A

most common oral ulceration thought to be an auto-immune process or type IV hypersensitiviy, and often triggered by stress.
*cytomegalovirus, hormones, or nutritional deficiences can also cause them.

35
Q

What is important to know about Herpesvirus?

A
  • HSV-1 usually establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglion and cause cold sores, or fever blisters along the lips or nasal orifices.
  • HSV-2= herpes genitalis (esablishing latency in sacral ganglion).
  • can treat with acyclovir or valtrex
36
Q

What is the most common STD in the U.S.?

A

HPV and may play an important role in oral cancer of the tonsils and base of tongue.

37
Q

What types of HPV cause 70% of cervical cancers?

A

HPV-16 and 18