Pathology of Restrictive Lung Diseases

Question 1

What is the Intersitium of the Lung?

Answer 1

Connective tissue space around the airway and the vessels and the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls.

Question 2

What can Restrictive Lung Disease Cause?

Answer 2

Reduced Lung Compliance Low FEV1 and FVC which in turn can cause either a normal or higher ratio of FEV1/FVC Reduced Gas Transfer Ventilation/ Perfusion Imbalance

Question 3

How can Diffuse Lung Disease be presented?

Answer 3

Discovery through imaging ( X-ray or CT scan)

Dyspnoea (shortness of breath on exertion or at rest)

Respiratory Failure Type 1

Heart Failure

Question 4

What are the different ways that an Interstitial Lung Disease be caused by?

Answer 4

Acute Response

Chronic Response

Question 5

What is an example of Acute Response that causes Restrictive Lung Disease?

Answer 5

Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD)

Question 6

Aetiology Of DADs? (8)

Answer 6

Major Trauma

Chemical Injury

Circulatory Shock

Drugs

Infection

Autoimmune disease

Radiation

Idiopathic (unknown)

Question 7

Histological Features of DADs?

Answer 7

Protein Oedema

Fibrin

Hyaline Membranes

Denuded Basement Membranes

Epithelial Proliferation

Fibroblast Proliferation

Scarring - Interstitium and airspaces

Question 8

What are the examples of a Granulomatous Response which causes Restrive Lung Disease (Chronic Response)?

Answer 8

Sarcoidosis

Hypersensitivity

Pneumonitis

Question 9

What is Sarcoidosis?

Answer 9

Multisystem Granulomatous Disorder of unknown aetiology`

Question 10

What is the Histopathology of Sarcoidosis

Answer 10

Epithelioid and Giant cell Granulomas

Necoris (unusual)

Associated with Fibrosis

Little Lymphoid Infiltrate