Pathology of the Perianal Area Flashcards
What are haemorrhoids?
Enlarged vascular cushions in the lower rectum and anal canal.
How do haemorrhoids presents?
Painless bleeding.
Fresh, bright red blood, not mixed with stool.
Perianal itchiness.
No weight loss or other associated symptoms.
What investigations would be done for someone who may have haemorrhoids?
PR examination.
Rigid sigmoidoscopy.
How do you treat haemorrhoids?
Sclerosing therapy with 5% phenol in almond oil.
Rubber band ligation.
What is a rectal prolapse?
It is a protruding mass from anus especially during defecation.
Bleeding and passing mucus per rectum is common.
Essentially your rectum falls out.
What is an anal fissure?
It is a tear in the anal margin due to passage of a constipated stool, it usually presents with severe anal pain following an episode of constipation and gives bright rectal bleeding.
How do you treat an anal fissure?
Dietary advice, stool softeners and pharmacological sphincterotomy.
