Pathology Pelvis Male and Female

Question 1

Normal Prostate appereance MRI

Answer 1

T1- inhomogeneous sig without zone differentiation
T2-Peripheral zone, largest portion shows homogenous
Central Zone- homogenous

Question 2

Slow growing, Older men >50, (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam, Genetics and Diet, Frequency to urinate “at night”, Surgery and radiation, T2 low sig with high sig in peripheral zone

Answer 2

Prostatic Carcinoma

Question 3

Rare, Malignant, heaviness in scrotum, painless lump or enlargement, If lump is cancerous the entire testicle is removed

Answer 3

Testicular Cancer

Question 4

Testicular Cancer MRI appearance

Answer 4

T2- high/mixed signal

T1 GAD- Enhancement

Question 5

3 classifications of Testicular Cancer

Answer 5

1. Confined to the testicle
2. Spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen
3. Spread beyond the lymph nodes to other regions of the body such as lungs and liver

Question 6

Associated with Inflammatory bowel disease, more common in males, pain and defecation, Fistulotomy

Answer 6

Fistula

Question 7

Fistula MRI appearance

Answer 7

T1- ISO
T2- Hyper
GAD- Enhancing

Question 8

Seminoma

Answer 8

30-50’s, treated early means recovery

Question 9

Nonseminoma

Answer 9

Develop earlier in life than seminomas, late teens and early 40’s, Teratoma and yolk sac,

Question 10

Only develops fully in females, Present in the human embryo, If this structure does not fuse bicornate uterus is formed

Answer 10

Mullerian Duct

Question 11

Most common congenital uterine anomaly

Answer 11

Bicornuate Uterus

Question 12

2 horns, Incidental, Infertility not a problem, loss of pregnancy and cervicle incompetence, Higher percentage of miscarriages, placenta may develop on the inner wall (inadequate blood supply), Heart shape

Answer 12

Bicornuate Uterus

Question 13

Each endometrial cavity appears smaller than normal cavity, 90% miscarriage rate, premature birth, Shaved off during hysteroscopy,

Answer 13

Septate Uterus

Question 14

Fundus appears normal

Answer 14

Septate Uterus

Question 15

20-30% premenopausal women, Ultrasound is the modality of choice, Asymptomatic, abnormal menstruation

Answer 15

Fibroids

Question 16

Another name for Fibroids

Answer 16

Uterine Leiomyoma

Question 17

MRI Appearance for Fibroids

Answer 17

T1 and T2 variable signal
T1- hyper if acute hemorrhage is present
May require embolization, hysterectomy or myomectomy

Question 18

May be seen postmenopausal women or reproductive age women, 2.5-3cm can’t be differentiated from normal mature follicles, Surgery for larger than 5cm, (Endometriomas, Cystadenomas, Dermoid)

Answer 18

Ovarian cysts

Question 19

MRI appearance for ovarian cysts

Answer 19

T1- low signal

T2- high signal

Question 20

Most common BENIGN tumor of the uterus

Answer 20

Fibroids

Question 21

What is another name for a dermoid cyst

Answer 21

teratoma

Question 22

Develops from a primary oocyte, Asymptomatic, greater risk of rupture, palpable mass, Can occur at any age primary age of childbearing years ad 30, 1-45cm in diameter

Answer 22

Dermoid Cyst

Question 23

MRI appearance for a Dermoid Cyst

Answer 23

T1- cyst hyper
T2- ISO
FAT SAT- fat within cyst

Question 24

Benign, contains several diversity of tissues

Answer 24

Dermoid cyst

Question 25

Ovaries are slightly larger than normal, Irregular menses, excess body hair, abnormal levels of estrogen, multiple follicles accumulate in the ovaries, varying states

Answer 25

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Question 26

6-10% of women, Infertility rate is high

Answer 26

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Question 27

Arising from the epithelial tissue, Asymptomatic (spreads quickly), Older women higher risk, vaginal bleeding, weight gain or loss, 5 year survival rate if 28% mets present, bloating, abnormal menses, Surgery, Silent killer

Answer 27

Ovarian Carcinoma

Question 28

Malignant 5th leading cause of cancer death in women

Answer 28

Ovarian Carcinoma

Question 29

CT gold standard

Answer 29

Ovarian Carcinoma

Question 30

15-22cm diameter, 2-4cm thick, fully formed during the fourth month of pregnancy

Answer 30

Placenta

Question 31

Early separation from the walls of the uterus,

Answer 31

Placenta Abruption

Question 32

Use cocaine, previous abruption, trauma, UNKNOWN, Inducing delivery, c-section, patients health, blood loss, after 35, 4-5 children, pregnant with twins

Answer 32

Placenta Abruption

Question 33

Placenta lies below the baby and may completely block the cervix, fertilized egg attaches to the lower part of the uterus

Answer 33

Placenta Previa

Question 34

Older than 35, more than one previous delivery, bright red bleeding, if severe bleeding the baby is usually delivered ASAP

Answer 34

Placenta Previa

Question 35

Placenta that uses Ultra sound

Answer 35

Placenta Previa

Question 36

Placenta attaches to deep in the uterine wall

Answer 36

Placenta Accreta

Question 37

Prematurity complication, potential for mother to haemorrhage is baby is delivered naturally, C-section, 35+, previously pregnant, 10% of all cases of placenta previa, Hysterectomy if haemorrhage is uncontrollable

Answer 37

Placenta Accreta